Maximum static situation

TABLE 3 The estimated mechanical parameters of fabrics in maximum static situation. ... 

Weave angle in the opposed direction, before pulling 0 = Weave angle in the opposed direction, during pulling Subscript S = Defines the parameters in maximum static situation Subscript D = Defines the parameters in dynamic situations... 

Polarization can be classified as electronic (electron cloud distortion), atomic, molecular, ionic, and crystalline. The point of maximum polarization in a system would occur when all dipoles reacted to the applied field and aligned. This is difficult to obtain even in a static situation. In an alternating field situation, the dielectric remains the same or decreases as the frequency increases past the microwave region (11). In the microwave region, attainment of equilibrium is more difficult, and there is an observable lag in the dipole orientation which is commonly called relaxation. The polarization then acquires a component out of phase with the field thermal dissipation of some of the energy of the field. This dissipation and its relation to the normal charging current can be related by Equation 1 where c is the measured dielectric constant of the material and e"... 

For less critical static situations and when tough materials are used, a design stress, a-j, is taken as the calculated stress level (on the basis of the estimated maximum load) multiplied by a design factor, N that is. 

For the star shell the situation is inversed compared with the core (maximum in the dynamic and minimum in the static response)... 

An intermediate situation between the A and D extremes is an interchange (/) mechanism. Here, the breaking of the E-Y bond and the formation of the E-Z bond occur simultaneously as a concerted process at no time is there an intermediate with both a fully-formed E-Y and an E-Z bond. The transition state is a complex which can be described as Y... EX ... Z. Like the A mechanism, the kinetics are second order, but the intermediate (or activated complex) has no real existence as a static entity in the reaction mixture unlike the intermediate in the A mechanism, there is no energy barrier to the breakdown of Y... EX ... Z, which appears as a maximum on the profile of energy... 

In Figure 8 are shown static-exchange calculations of the (5a )b n cross section In NO, In comparison with corresponding measured values (28). A very pronounced resonance feature Is evidently present In the 5a->ka polarization component, with the maximum cross sectional value appearing at 8 eV above threshold, similar to the situation in N2 (22-25). Although not reported here, a similar resonance feature Is present In the measured and calculated (5a-l)Aln cross section, which can also be attributed to the 5a- ca polarization component (28). In this case, however, the maximum of... 

Electrochemical Raman spectroscopy can provide information on the adsorbed species both under static conditions, and also in rigorous reaction situations. Fig. 47 gives the dependence of the steady state current and the band intensity of C=0 stretching vibration of linearly adsorbed CO on the electrode potential in 1.0 M CH3OH and 1.0 M H2SO4. The oxidation current of methanol was found to increase rapidly, with the oxidation of CO at around 0.3 V, and reached its maximum at around 0.5 V, while the band intensity of CO still remained 30% of the maximum at the peak current potential. Thus the severe oxidation of methanol oxidation can still occur in the presence of CO on the rough surface. 

In a state of incipient failure, the yield locus is tangent to the Mohr circle. The Mohr circle graphically represents the equilibrium stress condition at a particular point at any orientation for a system in a condition of static equilibrium in a two-dimensional stress field. The equilibrium static conditions can also be applied to sufficiently slow steady flows. The maximum principal stress in Fig. 6.4(b) is called the unconfined yield strength. This is the maximum normal stress, under incipient failure conditions, at a point where the other principal stress becomes zero. Such a situation occurs on the exposed surface of an arch or dome in a feed hopper at the moment of failure see Fig. 7.5(b). In the analysis of bridging in feed hoppers, the unconfined yield strength becomes a very important parameter. The magnitude of the unconfined yield strength is determined by the YL and depends, therefore, on the consolidation pressure and time. 

However, for particles with rough edges, the situation then becomes somewhat more complex. Johansson and Pugh (7) have studied the stability of foams in the presence of finely ground quartz particles of different size fractions. In this work, the surfaces of the different particles were methylated to produce a range of hydrophobicities. Both the dynamic and static froth stabilities were then determined in a froth column. From this, the concept of maximum enhanced foam stability , which corresponded to a critical surface hydrophobicity shape and size, was developed. 

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