Maximum static

Figure 4.32 Maximum static ioading stress and variabie strength...

Maximum static loading stress, lmax> with variable strength... 

For a saturated (bubble point) liquid, pipe vertically downward from the drawoff nozzle as close to the nozzle as possible. This gives maximum static head above any horizontal sections or piping networks ahead of the pump. 

A pump lifts water from a lake. At the pump suction entry a foot valve is fitted. Determine the maximum static delivery height the water can be raised without cavitation taking place. The saturation pressure of water is 1.23 kPa at 10 °C and the dynamic viscosity is 1.3 x 10" kg m s T The suction pipe water velocity is 2.0 m s , the internal pipe diameter is 100 mm, and the pipe roughness is 0.03 mm. The resistance of the foot valve is 4.5. 

Although these are loosely termed mbber mounts, they are often composed of synthetic mbbers, which are not readily attacked by oils and can operate over a much wider temperature range. Typical maximum static deflections are 12.5 mm. 

Bubble size at departure. At departure from a heated surface, the bubble size may theoretically be obtained from a dynamic force balance on the bubble. This should include allowance for surface forces, buoyancy, liquid inertia due to bubble growth, viscous forces, and forces due to the liquid convection around the bubble. For a horizontally heated surface, the maximum static bubble size can be determined analytically as a function of contact angle, surface tension, and... 

The principle of operation of this device is simple. A small amount of the flowing water volumetrically displaces foam concentrate from the tank into the main water stream. The working pressure of the vessel must, of course, be above the maximum static water pressure encountered in the system. This type of proportioner may consist of one tank or pressure container with a watertight divider so that it operates as two tanks, two tanks separately connected to the water and foam solution lines, or the tanks in the system may each be fitted with flexible diaphragms or bladders to separate the "driving" water from foam concentrate or they may rely simply on differences in density of the two liquids to retard mixing during operation. 

The pressure of explosion Pe is the maximum static pressure which may be achieved when a given weight of explosive is burned in a closed vessel of fixed volume. The pressure attained is so high that the Ideal Gas Laws are not sufficiently accurate and have to be modified by using a co-volume a. At high pressure... 

Clark [21] has measured the shear stress at static and dynamic state of a foam from hydrolysed keratin, and soap. The maximum static shear stress Toji was 35.0 Pa and the dynamic T0d was 23.0 Pa at 1% keratin concentration and 225.0 Pa and 110.0 Pa, respectively, at 10% concentration. According to Clark s data the To,, value is directly proportional to the surface viscosity. For a foam from 5% soap solution T0ii, and to,d coincided and were equal to 32 Pa. Being in qualitative agreement with Eqs. (8.14) - (8.16), this shear stress increased with diminishing foam bubble size. 

We assume that a speedskate blade has a constant radius of curvature, r, over the contact length. Values of r vary from about 20 to 30 m in long track speedskating. Simple geometry then leads to an estimate of d, the maximum static penetration depth of the blade ... 

The mechanical properties of each fabric that is 6 , fi, T F cottld be calculated by reference to Eqttatiorts 2-A (9-11), and (13) of the force balance model respectively, after specifying the experimentally required factors. These parameters at their maximum static sitiration are reported in Table 3. ... 

TABLE 3 The estimated mechanical parameters of fabrics in maximum static situation. ... 

In the Drst zone, the applied load overcomes the static friction resistance. It was assumed that prior to the Qst junction rapture (maximum static point Fg), the pullout... 

Weave angle in the opposed direction, before pulling 0 = Weave angle in the opposed direction, during pulling Subscript S = Defines the parameters in maximum static situation Subscript D = Defines the parameters in dynamic situations... 

When they continued to reduce the cavitation number by reducing the exit pressure, the vena contracta (the location where the static pressure drops to its minimum and the velocity rises to its maximum) static pressure approached the vapor pressure of water and caused flow rate choking irrespective of the inlet pressures. Although flow rate choking has been reported even in macroscale studies [9, 10], microflows readily transition from incipient to choking conditions since even a single vapor bubble in the microchannel is... 

The parabola shown in Figure 8-6 is a state of equilibrium for a forced vortex and is similar to a horizontal plane for a stationary fluid. To maintain a flow outward against the applied pressure, the energy gradient must be smaller than the energy gradient for no flow. This is what happens in a pump at near shut-off condition, where maximum static head is obtained without any flow. As flow increases through the impeller, the head drops. 

In a static (quiescent) YPL fluid, a horizontally oriented cylindrical particle will not rise if the yield stress of the fluid is at least as high as its buoyancy (Dedegil, 1987). For a fully suspended particle, the momentum balance described by Eqn. (1) can be rewritten to include the static shear force acting on the particle in lieu of the drag force that is present under dynamic conditions. By taking a differential element of the cylindrical fiber, the vertical component of the maximum static shear stress (i.e., yield stress) acting on the fiber can be determined (Fig. 9). The direction of the shear stress acting on the cylinder depends on the location of the differential element as shown in Fig. 9. The stress acts on the area represented by the differential element shown in Fig. 10, which is expressed as ... 

Figure 6 Relationship between muscle strength and mixed venous partial pressure of CO2 (PVCO2) in patients with respiratory muscle weakness. Respiratory muscle strength is the arithmetic sum of maximum static inspiratory and expiratory mouth pressures (P iax = + TEmax)- The open circles...

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