Maximum allowed work place concentration

The odor limit compared to other limits may indicate an early warning of a leak. The maximum allowed work place concentration (MAC), is the maximum allowed average concentration expressed in mgnT3 of a gas, vapor, or dust in air in a workplace, which has no adverse effects on health for an exposure of 8 hours per day or 42 hours per week for the majority of a population. Since it is an average, maintaining the concentration below this value does not guarantee no effects, since the sensitivity may differ within a population. On the other hand, a shortterm exposure to a concentration above MAC does not imply consequences on health. 

Activity R. attacks the respiratory chain, blocks the oxidation of NADH2 coupled with the reduction of cytochrome b, and interrupts mitochondrial electron transport. R. is not toxic to bees, the LDjg (rat p. 0.) is 133 mg/kg or (mouse i.p.) 2.8 mg/kg. The maximum allowed working place concentration is 5 mg/m. Use of R. is restricted by legislation, the estimated LDjo (human p.o.) is 0.3-0.5 g/kg (higher toxicity on inhalation). 

Toxicology LD50 (rat p. 0.) 320 mg/kg. H. irritates the skin, eyes, and airways. Lethal dose 5 -12 g (humans) maximum working place concentration 2 mg/m, possibly cancerogenic. Its use in cosmetics is allowed with limitations. 

Assume a worker is exposed to the maximum allowable air concentration of a work place carcinogen, eight hours every day, five days... 

The quantitative determination of small concentrations of organic solvents in a working place atmosphere by IR spectroscopy has been reported by Schacke et al. (1972). The measurements were carried out using a multipass gas cell with a maximum pathlength of 10 m. Such cells allow the determination of compounds in the ppm or even ppb region. 

Among the major chemical producers in the third world countries, China has a long standing environmental policy. Their environmental protection law dates back to 1979 and was modified and updated in 1983 and 1989. They have their own threshold limit values for exposure to chemicals at the work place Maximum Allowable Concentration , TWA... 

In Germany, the actual maximum allowable concentration at the work place, called the MAK-values , for some sulfur compounds are sulfur dioxide (SO2) 0.5 mLm (1.3mgm ) carbon disulfide (CSj) 5 mLm (16mgm ) sulfur penta-fluoride (S2F10) 0.025 mLm (0.26 mgm ) sulfuric acid (only) 0.1 mgm and hydrogen... 

A proper air supply and ventilation must be provided during the tank lining work. Vapor concentration inside of the vessel should be checked on a regular basis to ensure that the maximum allowable vapor concentration is not reached. For most solvents a vapor concentration of between 2 and 12% in the air is sufficient to cause an explosion. As long as the concentration is kept below the lower level, no explosion will take place. All electrical equipment must be grounded. 

They represent conditions to which workers may be repeatedly exposed during an 8-hour workday in a 40-hour week. MAK-values (Maximale Arbeitsplatz-konzentration) describe maximum concentrations of individual substances allowed in the work place (8 hours per day or 40 hours per week with some exceptions allowed). MAK-values are obligatory limits in Germany but in cases where MAK values cannot be evaluated (e.g., carcinogenic compounds) TRK values (Technische Richtkonzentrationen) are used. These recommendations are based on current technical knowledge. ... 

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