Materials liquid chlorine

Standard materials for handling dry gases include for chlorine, UNS N10276 (type stainless steel is used for liquid chlorine) for bromine, UNS N10276 (below 60°C) ... 

A horizontal, cylindrical, storage tank, 3 m diameter, 12 m long, used for liquid chlorine at 10 bar, material carbon steel. 

A horizontal, cylindrical, tank, with hemispherical ends, is used to store liquid chlorine at 10 bar. The vessel is 4 m internal diameter and 20 m long. Estimate the minimum wall thickness required to resist this pressure, for the cylindrical section and the heads. Take the design pressure as 12 bar and the allowable design stress for the material as 110 MN/m2. 

Combinations of liquid chlorine trifluoride and several hydrocarbons exploded immediately when suddenly mixed at all temperatures between 25° and — 70°C. See Organic materials, below... 

In a review of incidents involving explosive reactivity of liquid chlorine with various organic auxiliary materials, two involved hydrocarbons. A polypropylene filter element fabricated with zinc oxide filler reacted explosively, rupturing the steel case previously tested to over 300 bar. Zinc chloride derived from the oxide may have initiated the runaway reaction. Hydrocarbon-based diaphragm pump oils or metal-drawing waxes were violently or explosively reactive [8], A violent explosion in a wax chlorination plant may have involved unplanned contact of liquid chlorine with wax or chlorinated wax residues in a steel trap. Corrosion products in the trap may have catalysed the runaway reaction, but hydrogen (also liberated by corrosion in the trap) may also have been involved [9],... 

A number of reasons have been outlined, both environmental and economic, of why the transport and storage of liquid chlorine are not desirable. Combining the chlor-alkali plant with the EDC unit, as suggested, makes EDC the intermediate material in the vinyl chain. By looking at the physical properties of the two materials, shown in Table 21.4, additional reasons become apparent favouring EDC as the much preferred material for storage and transport. (As an additional comparison, the properties of VCM are provided as well.)... 

Oxidizers will nearly always be identified as such on their MSDSs or International Chemical Safety Cards. They may be identified as DOT/UN Hazard Class 5.1 materials for shipping purposes and labeled as oxidizers. However, some oxidizers are classified otherwise. Chlorine, for example, is DOT/UN Class 2.3 (gases toxic by inhalation) and labeled as POISON GAS for shipping purposes it may also be labeled as a corrosive material. Liquid oxygen is Class 2.2 (nonflammable nontoxic compressed gases) but should be labeled as NONFLAMMABLE GAS and OXIDIZER. 

Substitution Sometimes substitution of a less hazardous material is feasible. For example, many chlorinating systems for water purification have recently converted from pressurized cylinders of liquid chlorine to a pelletized, hypochlorite salt. 

Caution Chlorine gas is a respiratory irritant. Large amounts cause coughing, labored breathing, and irritation of the eyes. In extreme cases, the difficulty in breathing may cause death due to suffocation. Liquid Chlorine causes skin and eye burns on contact. (Safety precautions to be observed in handling the material are specified in the Chlorine Manual, available from The Chlorine Institute, Inc., Suite 506, 2001 L Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20036, .)... 

Liquid chlorine is generally stored in vessels made from nonalloyed carbon steel or cast steel. Fine grain steel with a limited tensile strength is used to ensure proper conditions for welding these containers. Erosion of protective layers on steel is prevented by maintaining the flow velocities to less than 2 m/s. Although organic materials, zinc, tin, aluminum, and titanium are not acceptable for liquid chlorine use, copper, silver, lead, and tantalum are acceptable for some equipment. 

If liquid chlorine costs 5 cents per pound, and bleaching powder approximating the formula CaOCU costs 3 cents per pound, which is the less expensive material to use to purify the water of a swimming pool ... 

Interaction of Poly-DCH With Liquid Chlorine. To liquid chlorine (5 ml) was added poly-DCH (57.4 mg) and the mixture was kept in a dry-ice/acetone bath for 22 hours, after which the remmning liquid chlorine was swept into a trap containing aqueous NaOH. The resultant orange solid, found to be amorphous by x-ray diffraction, was washed with dichloromethane to give 107 mg of product. This FTIR spectrum of this material exhibited tdssorption, inter alia, at 1440, 1085, 852, 799, and 744 cm, and its diffuse reflectance exhibited a broad maximum at ca 410 nm which tailed to beyond 600 nm. The materitd was partially soluble in hot dimethylformamide. 

Zinc and chlorine were first suggested as battery materials some 150 years ago. Several efforts were made to build the battery the first realistic design based on the concept of using solid chlorine hydrate instead of gaseous or liquid chlorine had... 

There are times when excess starting material can serve as the solvent. Excess liquid chlorine has been used in the chlorination of natural rubber to eliminate the need for the usual carbon tetrachloride.42 It is difficult to remove the last traces of carbon tetrachloride from the chlorinated rubber. The dimethyl terephthalate and terephthalic acid used in the preparation of polyethylene terephthalate) (8.1) are made by the oxidation of xylene.43... 

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