Allowable stress design

Manual of Steel Construction, Allowable Stress Design (ASD). Ninth Edition. Chicago, IL American Institute of Steel Construction. 1989. 

Decision criteria relates to the safety critical deterioration level. It is necessary to determine this level to be able to make appropriate decisions regarding further action. Usually a first basic intervention level is defined according to relevant codes, standards or internal company requirements. A minimum required wall thickness is usually determined due to a stress criterion and depends on allowable stress, design pressure, pipe dimensions and material strength. When deterioration beyond this basic intervention level is revealed through inspection, further actions must he decided. When the basic intervention level is reached, there may... 

Division 1 and as a result will require more analysis. Part 4 clearly indicates that if rules are not provided for a specific detail, geometry, or loading, then an analysis in accordance with Part 5, or design-by-analysis , shall be performed. Most vessels designed to Part 4 wiU use both the rules in Part 4 as well as specific procedures in Part 5. Both Part 4 and Part 5 contain load combinations for the pressure envelope. The load combinations in Part 4 are based on the allowable stress design (ASD) load combinations from ASCE 7, with non-appUcable loads removed. 

Basic Load Combinations for Allowable Stress Design (ASD) ... 

Earthquake resistance is specified (a) in terms of story shear rather than horizraital floor forces, (b) as a function of fundamental period of a building and soil type, and (c) separately for the allowable stress design and the examination of story shear-resisting capacity. 

In recent years structural design codes have adopted limit state design (LSD), replacing the older concept of allowable stress design (ASD). Limit state design requires the structure to satisfy two principal criteria the ultimate limit state (ULS) and the serviceability limit state (SLS). A limit state is a set of performance criteria that must be met when the strucmre is subject to loads. To satisfy the ultimate limit state, the structure must not collapse when subjected to any of the pertinent combinations of its design loads. To satisfy the serviceability limit state criteria, a structure must remain functional for its intended use subject to routine, everyday loading. 

Reference Documents Using Allowable Stress Design. Where a reference document provides a basis for the earthquake-resistant design of a particular type of system or component, and the same reference document defines acceptance criteria in terms of allowable stresses rather than strengths, that reference document is permitted to be used. The allowable stress load combination shall consider dead, live, operating, and earthquake loads in addition to those in the reference document. The earthquake loads determined in accordance with Section 13.3.1 shall be multiplied by a factor of 0.7. The allowable stress design load combinations of Section 2.4 need not be used. The component or system shall also accommodate the relative displacements specified in Section 13.3.2. 

---