Material properties structural-chemical characteristics

Proper material selection for chemical and process equipment is one of the first important problems encountered by the designer. Among the many parameters that must be considered are structural strength specifications, heat resistance, corrosion resistance, physical properties, fabrication characteristics, composition and structure of material and cost. 

The synthesis of new heterocyclic structures with interesting pharmacological properties will be the objective of numerous research groups during the coming years. Oxazolones will be critical intermediates to prepare new specifically substituted heterocycles as chemists design molecules for improved pharmacological properties. For material scientists, polymerization reactions of oxazolones will be an important tool to prepare polymers with specific physical and chemical characteristics. 

Epoxies are especially reliable when used with epoxy-based composites because they have similar chemical characteristics and physical properties. Room temperature curing adhesives are often used to bond large composite structures to eliminate expensive fixtur-ing tools and curing equipment required of higher-temperature cure adhesives. However, room temperature epoxies require long cure times, so they are not suitable for large, highspeed production runs. Some of the lower-temperature composite materials are sensitive to the heat required to cure many epoxies. Epoxies are too stiff and brittle to use with flexible composites. 

The zeolite-carbon adsorbents from mineral-carbon adsorbents group are novel and exhibit not quite well recognized properties with their unique, modified porous structure. The characteristic structures for zeolite, active carbon and intermediate structure exist in these materials. Such a structure results fi-om the modification of a surface of a mineral matrix by depositing carbon material. The efifectivity of enrichment of the structure of zeolite-carbon adsorbents (in relation to crystalline zeolite structure) in hydrophobic micropores (0.4 - 2 nm) and macropores (above 50 nm) is proportional to the fi action of carbon phase. Such combination of hydrophilic properties of mineral phase and hydrophobic properties of organic phase results in various sorptive properties of the material and the range of their application can be consequently extended. Additionally, the chemical resistance of these adsorbents for their exploitation in aggressive conditions takes place. 

In this chapter, I have attempted to give an overview of the field of polyyne-type materials. End-capped oligoynes supply fundamental properties about polyyne chains e.g. chemical reactivity, electronic properties, structural information, and so on. Certain characteristics of each oligoyne lead to... 

Among the many applications of ECPs, perhaps the most successful has been the commercialization of OLEDs in automobile radios, electric shavers, cell phones, and cameras displays (in limited venues) [73]. In the case of OTFTs, those produced from ECPs show certain advantages their softness is beneficial to their low-temperature processability and fine-tuning of their structure-property relationships, and they are inexpensive to produce. However, their morphology and microcrystallinity, and hence other important physico-chemical characteristics, may be difficult to control, as might also be their reproducibility of performance. Clearly, the many ongoing investigations with ECPs will contribute much to the future success of these materials. 

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