Material architecture

Designing a specific material architecture. 3D hierarchical carbon [79,80], 3D aperiodic [79,81,82] or highly-ordered hierarchical carbons are representative samples with multimodal pore structure to optimize the performance of the capacitors. The micropore, mesopore and macropore structure of such three-dimensional hierarchical carbons are generally perfectly interconnected. 

Mor, G. K. Prakasam, H. E. Varghese, 0. K. Shankar, K. Grimes, C. A. (2007) Vertically Oriented Ti-Fe-0 Nanotube Array Films Towards a Useful Material Architecture for Solar Spectrum Water Photolysis. Nano Letters 7 2356-2364... 

Such effects are likely to be important. The use of SP interactions to create bioinspired material properties (e.g., see Chap. 9) implies that the ultimate yield behavior of SP materials could depend on the mechanical response of supramolecular interactions. Paulusse and Sijbesma (2004) have also shown that ultrasound-generated shear stresses can mechanically tear apart coordination SPs, damage that is subsequently repaired during dynamic equilibration once the shear stresses are removed. The mechanical response of supramolecular interactions within materials has potentially important consequences in the context of self-repairing materials, where the mpture of sacrificial supramolecular interactions protects a permanent, underlying materials architecture. The dynamic repair of the SP component in... 

Roofing materials, architectural fabric, protective and decorative coatings... 

ELYOHT 1 involves generic actions on technological models, measurements and building blocks (materials, architectures, test benches). 

PFCB chemistry, thanks to its versatility, has been applied to different kinds of material architectures, including side-chain polymers, NLO dendrimers, and den-dronized polymers, as will be described in the next section. 

Strategic Material Architecture at Reaction Temperatures (SMART)... 

Typical monolithic washcoats are composed of support materials to disperse the catalytic component and additives to stabilize and promote their flmction. The Strategic Material Architecture concept builds on the premise that each particular catalytic function within the washcoat is surrounded by its own optimum environment to enhance a particular reaction. Application of the washcoat to the... 

Figure 4.18 Material architecture for pultruded 3 mm (a) and 6 mm (b) laminates obtained by microscopy [30]. (With permission from SAGE.)...

Mor, G.K., Prakasam, H.E., Varghese, O.K., Shankar, K., (jrimes, C.A. Vertically oriented Ti-Fe-0 nanotube array films toward a useful material architecture for solar spectrum water photoelectrolysis. Nano Lett. 7, 2356-2364 (2007)... 

The design of catalytic systems requires the ability to synthesize specific material architectures and the atomic control of the catalytically active reaction centers. The biomin-... 

As such, all material functionalities are the result of a combination of appropriate material architecture and physico-chemical characteristics of its constituent elements. Small-scale damage affecting the chemical structure or architecture will lead to a decrease of the intended properties/functionality which can further lead to the replacement of the damaged area or, in the worst case scenario, to the catastrophic failure of the structure with consequent loss of time, material and money. 

In the next section, we summarize the key observations and theories regarding the operating mechanisms of Li-02 cells. Possible origins of these performance limitations are also described. It is important to keep in mind that different mechanisms may dominate under different operating conditions. For example, it has been shown that the current density [23], positive electrode material/architecture [32, 33], and system cleanliness [34—36] can play a significant role in the reaction mechanisms. 

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