Mass/volume percentage

A solution is prepared by mixing 125.0 g of benzene in enough toluene to yielding a solution whose volume is 326.3 mL. Determine the mass/volume percentage of the solution. 

One common way of expressing the relative amount of solute and solvent is through percentage, amount per hundred. There are three ways that we may express this percentage mass percent, mass/volume percent, and volume/volume percent. 

The mass/volume percent of a solution is the mass of the solute (typically in grams) divided by the volume (typically in mL) of the solution and then multiplied by 100% to yield percentage. 

When dealing with percentage solutions, be sure you know what type of percentage (mass, mass/volume, volume/volume) is being used. 

Solution concentration may be expressed as a percentage, which is the amount of solute dissolved per 100 units of solvent. It may be expressed as mass %, mass/volume %, or volume/volume %. Know how to calculate the appropriate percentage concentration for a solution. 

To improve the accuracy of HTG systems, a third transmitter located at a fixed distance above the bottom transmitter can be used for density compensation (Figure 3.109). These tank expert packages, in addition to level, can also calculate mass, density, and volume on the basis of measurements from three or more d/p cells and one temperature transmitter. Most manufacturers offer optional digital communication and the ability for remote adjustments of suppression and linearization. "Smart" level transmitters can convert the level readings of spherical or cylindrical tanks into actual volume percentage readings (Figure 3.113). 

Fig. 8.5 Relations between porosities (volume percentages) and water/ccmcnt ratio for mature Portland cement pastes. The experimental data are for pastes at least 8 months old, and the calculated curves relate to a typical cement aged 18 months. Open symbols total water porosities. Filled or half-filled symbols mercury porosities. Curve A total water porosity. Curve B free water porosity. Curve C capillary porosity. References to data O (P20) O (S77) A (F33) V (M68) (S78) (F34) 9 (019) (M68) (D3I) 3 (H4I). In the last two cases, porosities by volume were estimated from data referred in the original sources to masses of dried paste, assuming the tatter to have contained 0.23 kg of water per kg of cement having a specific volume of 3.17 x 10 m kg h...

Measures of concentration include mass and volume percentages, molarity, molality, and mole fraction. 

The volume percentage of acetone is 40%. b. To calculate mass percent, the mass of each substance should be found by... 

Example 1-15 specific Gravity, Volume, Percentage by Mass... 

These SI units are absolute measures of distance, mass, volume, and more. It is not always possible to measure absolute amounts in a meaningful way. In such cases, a relative measure of quantity is made reporting the abundance or concentration of an element, isotope, molecule, or compound. Concentrations are reported as a proportion of the total amount of material analyzed or as a ratio to another element, isotope, or molecule. Some of these measures include parts per hundred, or percentages (%), parts per thousand, aka parts per million (%o), parts per million (ppm), or parts per billion (ppb). 

To permit subsequent comparison of the measurement curves, and because volume contents are used in the theoretical discussions, the mass percentage figures were recalculated as volume percentage figures with the aid of the density of the individual components. The calculated figures are only approximations, as the densities of the individual components fluctuate. 

Figure 2.15 The ternary phase diagram representation. Point M represents the liquid composition with 59% of A, 9% ofB and 32% of C (total 100%). The percentage can be mass, volume or mole percentages.

S3. A small sample of pure air is a homogeneous mixture and is therefore a solution. The atmosphere, even if it were pure air, is a very tall sample that becomes less dense at higher elevations. The atmosphere is therefore not homogeneous, and consequently it is not a solution. 154. The density of a solution must be known in order to convert concentrations based on mass only (percentage, molality) to those based in volume (molarity, normality). 

In addition to the mole fraction, molality, and concentration, the composition of a solution can be represented by the mass percentage, by parts per million by mass, or by volume percentage. For dilute solutions, Henry s law can be expressed in terms of any of these composition measures, since all of them are proportional to the mole fraction in a dilute solution. 

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