Mass spectrometry coupling with supercritical fluid

The choice of the most suitable instrumental technique depends on several factors, such as the physical-chemical characteristics of analytes, the detection limits required, the level and type of interferences, the resolution needed, the identification power required, the accuracy and the precision of the quantitative determination, the availability of instrumentation and finally the cost and the time necessary per each determination. Moreover, extraction and clean-up procedures have to be suitably matched with instrumental analysis. GC coupled with Electron Capture Detection (ECD) or Mass Spectrometry (MS) has been widely applied for the determination of PCBs in organic extracts of environmental samples. In few cases the instrumentation includes the extraction step, such as an SEE system coupled with Supercritical Fluid Chromatography (SFC) or with GC (40). 

Arpino, P.J., R Sadoun, and H. Virelizier. 1993. Reviews on recent trends in chromatography/ mass spectrometry coupling. Part IV. Reasons why supercritical fluid chromatography is not so easily coupled with mass spectrometry as originally assessed. Chromatographia 36 283-288. 

The coupling of supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) with mass spectrometry (MS) seems to be easier... 

The use of separation techniques, such as gel permeation and high pressure Hquid chromatography interfaced with sensitive, silicon-specific aas or ICP detectors, has been particularly advantageous for the analysis of siUcones in environmental extracts (469,483—486). Supercritical fluid chromatography coupled with various detection devices is effective for the separation of siUcone oligomers that have molecular weights less than 3000 Da. Time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF-sims) is appHcable up to 10,000 Da (487). 

The method based on immunosorbents coupled on-line with liquid chromatography-atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry [109], discussed in section 9.4.2.1, has been applied to the determination of substituted urea type herbicides. Supercritical fluid extraction with methanol modified carbon dioxide has been applied to the determinants of sulfonyl urea herbicides in soil [261],... 

Figure 6.1 Bar-graph of MeHg in CRM 580. The results correspond to six replicate determinations as performed by different laboratories using various methods. MEANS indicates the mean of laboratory means with 95% confidence interval. Abbreviations-. CVAAS, cold vapour atomic absorption spectrometry CVAFS, cold vapour atomic fluorescence spectrometry ECD, electron capture detection GC, gas chromatography HPLC, high-performance liquid chromatography ICPMS, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry MIP, microwave induced plasma atomic emission spectrometry QFAAS, quartz furnace atomic absorption spectrometry SFE, supercritical fluid extraction.

Interfacing Supercritical Fluid Chromatography with Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry... 

Sadoun, R Virelizier, H. Packed-column Supercritical Fluid Chromatography Coupled with Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry, J. Chromatog. 647, 351-359(1993). 

Matsumoto K, Nagata S, Hattori H, Tsuge S. Development of directly coupled supercritical fluid chromatography with packed capillary-mass spectrometry with atmospheric pressure chemical ionization. J Chromatogr 1992 605 87-94. Morgan DG, Norwood DL, Fisher DL, Moseley MA III. Directly coupled packed column SFC with APCI/MS. Poster and abstract presented at American Society for Mass Spectrometry. Portland, OR, 1996... 

A very recent volume edited by Berthed (2002) is on countercurrent chromatography - the support-free liquid stationary phase. Ebdon et al. (1987) review directly coupled liquid chromatogramphy-atomic spectroscopy. The review by Uden (1995) on element-specific chromatographic detection by atomic absorption, plasma atomic emission and plasma mass spectrometry covers the principles and applications of contemporary methods of element selective chromatographic detection utilizing AA, AES and MS. Flame and furnace are considered for GC and HPLC, while MIP emission is considered for GC and ICPAES for HPLC. Combinations of GC and HPLC with both MIPAES and ICPAES are covered and supercritical fluid chromatographic (SFC) and field flow fractionation (FFF) are also considered. 

Sadoun F, Virhzer H, Arpino PJ. Packed-column supercritical fluid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry J Chromatogr A 3 647 351-359... 

Yamada, T., Uchikata, T., Sakamoto, S., Yokoi, Y, Nishiumi, S., Yoshida, M., Fukusaki, E. and Bamba, T. (2013) Supercritical fluid chromatography/Orbitrap mass spectrometry based lipidomics platform coupled with automated lipid identiflcation software for accurate lipid profiling. J. Chromatogr. A 1301, 237-242. 

Supercritical fluid chromatography coupled with time of flight mass spectrometry has been used to determine the molecular weight distribution of poly(dimethyl siloxane) oligomers in tiie mass range 10 to lO". ... 

Cleland SL, Olson LK, Caruso JA (1994) Optimization of arsenic supercritical fluid extraction with detection by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. J Anal At Spectrom 9 975-980. 

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