Mass-related strength

If the mass-related strength Rm is included into the ratio of permissible stress, aluminum material is superior to its steel partners. Weight savings in proportion to the density of steel are possible but practical only if the strength can be calculated. If elastic deformations (bending) or buckling stability have to be taken into account, the modulus of elasticity (70,000 N/mm ) influences the calculation significantly. 

Although many experiments have been performed, quantitative relationships between mechanical loads and bone adaptation do not yet exist. In vivo strain gauge studies have found a remarkable similarity of peak surface strains -2000 p.e at the midshaft of different bones across different animals at maximum activity. Measuring strains in adaptation studies would allow us to relate in vivo load changes to altered surface strains to adapted bone mass and strength. 

Ke HZ, Qi H, Chidsey-Frink KL, Crawford DT, Thompson DD (2001) Lasofoxifene (CP-336,156) protects against the age-related changes in bone mass, bone strength, and total serum cholesterol in intact aged male rats. J Bone Miner Res 16 765-773... 

Characteristics relating to the resistance to destruction such as the particle strength, the probability of breakage, the mass-related work input or the specific reaction force. 

Because of its anabolic effects, testosterone has been used to ameliorate catabolic and muscle-wasting states, generally without benefit. One exception is in the treatment of muscle wasting associated with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), which often is accompanied by hypogonadism. Treatment of men with AIDS-related muscle wasting and subnormal serum testosterone concentrations increases their muscle mass and strength. 

The strength of the ion current relates to the number of ions per second arriving at the collector plate, and a mass spectrum can be regarded as a snapshot of the current taken over a definite period of time. Because of the finite time taken to produce a mass spectrum, it is a record of the abundances of ions (often mistakenly called intensities of ions). 

There are two mechanisms by which arching can occur particle interlocking and cohesive strength. The minimum outlet size required to prevent mechanical interlocking of particles is directly related to the size of the particles. The diameter of a circular outlet must be at least six to eight times the particle size, and the width of a slotted outlet must be at least three to four times the particle size. These ratios normally only govern the outlet size of mass flow hoppers if the particles are at least 0.6 cm or larger. 

TNT Equivalence. Explosion strength is often expressed as equivalent mass of TNT in order to permit estimates of possible explosion damage. For BLEVEs and pressure vessel bursts, using this equivalence is unnecessary because the methods mentioned above give explosion blast parameters which relate directly to the amount of possible damage potential. However, the concept of TNT equivalence is still useful because it appeals to those who seldom deal with blast parameters. For reasons explained in Section 4.3.1, BLEVEs or pressure vessel bursts catuiot readily be compared to explosions of TNT (or other high explosives). Only the main points are repeated here. 

This radius is useful to us because it is related to the mass, m, charge, e, and velocity, v, of the electron. It is determined also by the strength of the magnetic field, B, as follows ... 

Rather than quote some (mass normalized) force on the sample at each of several field strengths, it is sufficient to report the slope of the linear part of the curve in Fig. 5-6. This slope is called the magnetic susceptibility of the sample. Units for susceptibility, x > and related quantities to be discussed in this section are reviewed in Box 5-3. 

The fracture strength and mode of fracture of a material have been found to be related to a number of characteristics of the polymer molecules of which it is made up. These include, among others, constitution, molar mass, polydispersity, crystallinity, and degree of crosslinking. Other factors which also affect fracture strength and mode of fracture are temperature, strain rate, and geometry of the specimen, all of which are decided upon prior to testing the material. 

So if the bond strength increases or reduced mass decreases, the value of vibrational frequency increases. Polyatomic molecules may exhibit more than one fundamental vibrational absorption bands. The number of these fundamental bands, is related to the degree of freedom in a molecule and the number of degrees of freedom is equal to the number of coordinates necessary to locate all atoms of a molecules in space. 

Melting points and boiling points are related to the strength of the intermolecular forces between solvent molecules, and to the molecular weight of the solvent. Dispersive forces, hydrogen bonding and permanent dipole moments all contribute. Typically, for molecules of similar mass, nonpolar compounds which... 

---