Mass nucleic acids

The segments of dh DNA with distorted conformation desorb from the mercury electrode at the potentials by c. 0.2-0.3 V more negative than are the potentials of the peak 1 [102]. This desorption results in an appearance of the peak 2 on a.c. polarograms, which can be detected only for carefully isolated high-molecular mass nucleic acids and with the aid of in-phase component of phase-sensitive a.c. polarography. Peak 2 occurs at still more positive potentials than the peak 3 yielded by the corresponding ss nucleic acids [102]. 

The immobilization of the hyperbranched spherical structures onto physical transducers greatly increases the binding capacity of the surface and leads to enhanced sensitivity and extended linearity of biosensors. Nucleic acid dendrimers were prepared and their amplification properties for the detection of DNA were examined using mass-sensitive transducers [45, 46]. Antibodies... 

Protamines, among the smallest proteins with a molecular mass of 5000 dal-tons. They have a high basicity and are foimd in sperm Histones, which also have a high basicity and are found in combination with nucleic acid... 

Polymers are examples of organic compounds. However, the main difference between polymers and other organic compounds is the size of the polymer molecules. The molecular mass of most organic compounds is only a few hundred atomic mass units (for reference, atomic hydrogen has a mass of one atomic mass unit). The molecular masses of polymeric molecules range from thousands to millions of atomic mass units. Synthetic polymers include plastics and synthetic fibers, such as nylon and polyesters. Naturally occurring polymers include proteins, nucleic acids, polysaccharides, and rubber. The large size of a polymer molecule is attained by the repeated attachment of smaller molecules called monomers. 

The difficulty with protein arrays is that proteins do not behave as uniformly as nucleic acid. Protein function is dependent on a precise, and fragile, three-dimensional structure that may be difficult to maintain in an array format. In addition, the strength and stability of interactions between proteins are not nearly as standardized as nucleic acid hybridization. Each protein-protein interaction is unique and could assume a wide range of affinities. Currently, protein expression mapping is performed almost exclusively by two-dimensional electrophoresis and mass spectrometry. The development of protein arrays, however, could provide another powerful... 

Nordhoff, E. Ingendoh, A. Cramer, R. Overberg, A. Stahl, B. Karas, M. Hillenkamp, F. Crain, P. F. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry of nucleic acids with wavelengths in the UV and IR. Rapid Comm. Mass Spectrom. 1992, 6,771-776. 

This chapter will address the applications of protein-based bioinformatics to analysis of microorganisms introduced intact into the instrumental system for rapid processing and analysis. Strategies that require offline extraction and fractionation of proteins will not be discussed. Although the amplification of nucleic acids is a powerful approach, especially coupled with mass spectrometry,15 it requires extraction and processing, and thus is not included. 

Tandem mass spectrometry has become an important tool for determining the sequence of amino acids in protonated peptides98 and the sequence of bases in deprotonated nucleic acids such as DNA.99 Despite the importance and widespread use of CID-MS to sequence peptides and nucleic acids, the mechanistic details of the dissociation processes are poorly understood. A better understanding of the... 

LeDuc, R.D., Taylor, G.K., Kim, Y.B., Januszyk, T.E., Bynum, L.H., Sola, J.V., Garavelli, J.S., Kelleher, N.L. (2004). ProSight PTM an integrated environment for protein identification and characterization by top-down mass spectrometry. Nucleic Acids Res. 32, W340-W345. 

The virus genome We have stated that the virus genome consists of either DNA or RNA, never both. Viruses differ in size, amount, and character of their nucleic acid. Both single-stranded and doublestranded nucleic acid is found in viruses, and the amount of nucleic acid per virion may vary greatly from one virus type to another. In general, in enveloped viruses the nucleic acid constitutes only a small part of the mass of the virus particle (1-2 percent), whereas in nonenveloped viruses the percent of the particle which is nucleic acid is much larger, often 25-50 percent. 

Thompson, A., Prescott, M., Chelebi, N., Smith, J., Brown, T., and Schmidt, G. (2007) Electrospray ionisation-cleavable tandem nucleic acid mass tag-peptide nucleic acid conjugates Synthesis and applications to quantitative genomic analysis using electrospray ionisation-MS/MS. Nucleic Acids Res. 35(4), e28. 

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