Masonry structures strengthening

Fibre reinforced polymer (FRP) composite materials for strengthening of existing masonry structures... 

Practical applications in recent years have shown that FRPs can be used as an alternative strengthening material for masonry structures, especially... 

ACI 440.7R-10 (2010). Guide for the Design and Construction of Externally Bonded Fibre-Reinforced Polymer Systems for Strengthening Unreinforced Masonry Structures. 

The second part of this book is devoted to current and potential applications of adhesive materials in construction. Chapter 6 deals with both the repair and the strengthening of concrete structures, covering applications ranging from non-structural patch repairs and resin overlays to externally bonded steel plate reinforcement. The theme of repair and strengthening is extended to applications involving steel, timber and masonry structures. A number of case histories are reviewed and discussed with reference to the successes and failures, and the results of allied research work are presented. In Chapter 7 a number of applications of adhesives in new construction are described, and specific examples are given. The final chapter. Chapter 8, examines the potential for future developments in adhesive usage. 

Moreover, SRG is breathable, can be used as a hydraulic binder-based matrix, and features a high permeability. The application of these materials does not alter the original behavior of the structure in any way and allows to preserve the water content in the wall within the natural Umit of variability of the structure. These advantages make the structures strengthened this way particularly compatible with masonry structures, thus they become more compliant and are welcomed by the Superintendence for the Architectural and Landscape Heritage. 

ACI 440.3R-12 Guide Test Methods for Fiber-Reinforced Polymer (FRP) Composites for Reinforcing or Strengthening Concrete and Masonry Structures... 

Localized strengthening of independent elements and/or members of r.c. and masonry structure... 

CNR Guide for the design and construction of externally bonded FRP systems for strengthening existing structures - materials, RC and PC structures, masonry structures. CNR-DT 200/2004, Italian National Research Council. Italy, 2004. 

Seracino, R. and Griffith, M. C. FRP strengthened Masonry Structures. Boca Raton, FL Taylor Francis 2013. 

Myers, J. J. (2011). Strengthening unreinforced masonry structures using externally bonded fiber reinforced polymer systems. An overview of the American Concrete Institute 440.7R design approach. 9th Australasian Masonry Conference, Queenstown, New Zealand. 

As final conclusion, the hmit analysis with macro-blocks is a powerful tool for the seismic assessment of masonry structures, including the historical buildings and the out-of-plane behavior. Furthermore, it allows evaluating the efficiency of strengthening techniques. 

Lagomarsino S, Podesta S (2004) Seismic vulnerability of ancient churches I. Damage assessment and emergency planning. Earthquake Spectra 20(2) 377-394, http //dx.doi.org/10.1193/L1737735 Nielsen M (1999) Limit analysis and concrete plasticity, 2nd edn. CRC Press, Boca Raton Orduna A, Louren90 PB (2003) Cap model for limit analysis and strengthening of masonry structures. J Struct Eng 129(10) 1367-1375, http //dx.doi.org/10.1061/ (ASCE)0733-9445(2003)129 10(1367)... 

Milani G, LouTai9o PB (2013) Simple homogenized model for the nrar-linear analysis of FRP strengthened masonry structures. Part I theory. J Comput Const ASCE 139(l) 59-76... 

Retrofitting and Strengthening Masonries of Heritage Structures Materials Used Seismic Vulnerability Assessment Masonry Structures... 

Marcari G, Manfredi G, Pecce M (2003) Experimental behaviour of masonry panels strengthened with FRP sheets. In Tan KH (ed) 6th infianatitnial conference on fibre-reinforced plastics for reinforced concrete structures, World Scientific, Singapore, pp 1209-1218... 

A summary of the methods reviewed above is presented in Table 1. While this is by no means an exhaustive list of the many applications of seismic vulnerability assessment for masonry structures available in literature, it concentrates on procedures that have been specifically developed for vulnerability assessment at territorial scale. For this reason procedures aimed at the assessment of single buildings are not included. The choice of the most suitable procedure is highly dependent on the resources available for the data collection, the computational expertise available, and ultimately the scale and aim of the study. Empirical procedures can be used for fairly large-scale studies to define damage scenarios however, if the purpose of the study is to identify within a district or urban center specific buildings in need of strengthening, so as to increase their seismic capacity, then a suitable analytical procedure should be preferred. 

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