Mars surface applications

The SP-ablator allows higher aerodynamic loads with lower surface/mass ratio for heat shields, and should be ideally suited for moon, mars, or other interplanetary return missions. These shields are also suitable for cost-effective flight models of winged reentry capsules. A large application potential can be seen for nozzles and combustion chambers or housings of rocket engines. Dornier plans to manufacture a heat shield for the Mirka capsule one meter in diameter. The C/SiC-cover will be fabricated in one piece. 

Courtina R. and Kimb S. J. (2002). Mapping of Titan s tropopause and surface temperatures from Voyager IRIS spectra, Planetary and Space Science 50 309-321. Davis W. L. and McKay C. P. (1996). Origins of Life a comparison of theories and applications to Mars. Origins of Life and Evolution of the Biosphere 26 61-73. 

Other possible applications are clear coats in automotive interiors (dashboard instrument screen-printed and top coats for gloss control, interior vinyl clear coat with excellent mar resistance and low gloss, wood grain printing and top coats for interior laminates), on alloy wheels and wheel covers and under the hood parts, and UV curable paint over physical vapor deposition (PVD) surfaces of various parts. Other examples are ... 

Hamilton, V. E., Wyatt, M. B., McSween, H. Y. and Christensen, P. R. (2001) Analysis of terrestrial and Martian volcanic compositions using thermal emission spectroscopy 2. Application to Martian surface spectra from the Mars Global Surveyor thermal emission spectrometer. Journal of Geophysical Research, 106, 14,733-14,746. 

Modem furniture polishes are designed for a wide variety of surfaces, eg, plastics, metals, and synthetic and natural resin coatings. Furniture polishes impart shine and provide protection from abrasion, marring, and spills. The formulations clean well in many cases. In common with most other polishes, furniture polishes are characterized by ease and speed of application and of buffing, and by either the absence of objectionable odors or the addition of pleasing ones. 

Van den Berg, C.M.G., 1982. Determination of copper complexation with natural organic ligands in seawater by equilibration with Mn02- II. Experimental procedures and application to surface seawater. Mar. Chem., 11 323-342. 

Abstract Mar resistance and surface structure (appearance) are two of the most important physical properties to characterize the mechanical and optical quality of a coating system. In this paper the relevant measuring techniques are discussed using typical examples reflecting the current status of application in the automotive and coatings industry. Especially the techniques to determine the mar resistance were recently improved (single... 

The composition of the Phobos and Deimos surfaces are of interest to astronomers at least partly because they provide additional information about the nature of the solar system. Some individuals go further and anticipate that the information may someday have some important practical application. Those who are thinking about human travel to Mars suggest that the two moons may contain materials that can be converted into fuels for space travel and thus play an important role in future trips back and forth between Earth and Mars. The practicality of this suggestion is at question, however, since no missions to or flybys of the moons are currently scheduled. 

Meteorites, which come mainly from various asteroids but also from Mars and our Moon, provide otherwise unobtainable information about objects in the inner Solar System in both space and time. The presence of meteorites on Earth allows application of the full gamut of instrumentation able to analyze materials from the asteroids (minor planets). Mars and the Moon with state of the art sensitivity and accuracy. Many meteorites include material that condensed and accreted in the primitive Solar nebula and were subsequently unaltered some contain evidence for pre-Solar nuclear processes. Information in meteorites tracks the evolution of their parent bodies, both interiors and surfaces, the impacts that ejected them and the nuclear radiation history that occurred as they travelled Earthward. Meteoritic material also allows the dating of all of these episodes and determination of the composition of the Sun s surface and the particles streaming from it. This chapter is a brief tutorial outlining this information and indicating how it is obtained. 

The Pd-O bond also varies with the extent of oxidation of Pd. During the methane combustion reaction, the catalyst surface is a non-equilibrium, kineti-cally controlled structure. The oxygen concentration profile in the particle results from a combination of particle reconstruction, oxygen adsorption, bulk diffusion, and oxygen removal. This concentration profile varies as a function of time, and as the oxygen content increases, the Pd-O bond strength decreases. This increase is accompanied by an increase in the specific activity. The most widely accepted reaction pathway is the Mars and van Krevelen redox mechanism, which involves lattice oxygen and uneoordinated Pd centers as active species. Inhibition by products (H2O and CO2) and impurities (SO2) is a major drawback for low temperature combustion. The effect of sulfur is particularly important for catalytic converters for NGV applications because it drastically reduces the methane combustion activity. 

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