Market global production

Production figures are not pubHshed by these producers, so precise production amounts are not available however, it is roughly estimated that global production in 1989—1990 was 500,000—600,000 t/yr. Approximately 90% of this aHyl chloride production is used captively to synthesize epichlorohydrin. The remainder is sold on the merchant market with bulk Hst U.S. prices in 1989—1990 of 1.63/kg. Some of the producers Hsted above and several additional companies have announced their intentions to expand or build aHyl chloride capacity. 

In 1997 it was estimated that global production of PET was about 16.7 X 10 t.p.a., of which 12 million tonnes was used in textiles, 2 million tonnes for audio and video film (with a small quantity for technical mouldings) and 3 million tonnes for packaging, particularly bottles. The tremendous growth in the bottles market from zero in the late 1970s to 1.5 million tonnes in the USA alone in 1998 is, in consumption terms, one of the most spectacular examples of growth in plastics materials in recent times and will be considered later in this section. 

Chemical substances make a vital contribution to almost aU aspects of the hves of human beings. Chemicals bring about improvements in the health of the population and our quahty of life through new developments in, for example, treatment of disease, food safety, or crop protection. They also make a vital contribution to the economic and social well-being of citizens in terms of trade and employment. The global production of chemicals has increased from about 1 rnilhon tons in 1930 to more than 400 million tons today, and more than 100,000 different chemical substances are now on the market. 

Polyurethane multiblock copolymers of the type described by Eqs. 2-197 and 2-198 constitute an important segment of the commercial polyurethane market. The annual global production is about 250 million pounds. These polyurethanes are referred to as thermoplastic polyurethanes (TPUs) (trade names Estane, Texin). They are among a broader group of elastomeric block copolymers referred to as thermoplastic elastomers (TPEs). Crosslinking is a requirement to obtain the resilience associated with a rubber. The presence of a crosslinked network prevents polymer chains from irreversibly slipping past one another on deformation and allows for rapid and complete recovery from deformation. 

Global sales of proprietary drugs were 505 billion in 2005, or more than 90% of the total pharma market. With a share of 45%, the United States has by far the single largest market. Global sales of generics were about 45 billion in 2005 (except China and India), or less than 10% of the total pharma market. Obviously, the difference in production volumes is smaller. 

Typical brick-shaped cartons (aptly named briks ) are synonymous with the name of TetraPak and TetraBriks. Laminated board cartons have been available for 70 or more years for liquid products (Figure 9.6). Developed in the dairy market, they are a major packaging format for still drinks some markets are dominated by the single-serve brik and others by the multi-serve version. The other significant factor for these drinks cartons is that the system is available worldwide, making global production of new products much easier. 

Table 8.1 overviews the H202 capacity of the main producers. The market is dominated by two companies (Solvay and Degussa) with about 30% and 20% of the share of the main producers. Two other companies (FMC and Arkema) have a share above 10%, while all the other are present with a lower market percentage. Note, however, that global production capacity is higher because only the main producers appear in Table 8.1. 

In the prioritization of chemicals for setting scenarios that are the most realistic and probable for chemical mixtures, tools are needed to overcome the almost infinite number of chemicals or combinations of chemicals and of differing concentrations in emissions. The global production of chemicals has increased from 1 million tons in 1930 to 400 million tons today. There are about 100,000 different substances registered in the EU market, of which 10,000 are marketed in volumes of more than 10 tons (produced per manufacturer or imported per importer per annum), and a further 20,000 are marketed at 1 to 10 tons (EC 2001). In the selection of chemicals for mixture scenarios, the volume of marketing is an important parameter however, other factors, such as emission pattern (spatial and temporal), degradation, and toxicity, are also very important. 

Last, but of equal importance, diversity is a fundamental business strategy for success. Why P G markets consumer products globally, and thus we have to understand the needs of very diverse customers. A monoculture of white males cannot have all the answers to all questions. However, by building a diverse workforce, we will better understand such consumer needs, understand them more quickly than our competition, and thereby build and maintain a critically important competitive edge. 

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