Mark-1 process

The first multi-step process having a theoretical efficiency above 50% was proposed by Marchetti and Beni in 1970 [2]. This process became the Mark-1 process of the European Commission s Joint Research Center (JRC), Ispra, Italy. A large number of cycles with reasonably high efficiencies were designed after this Abanades and co-workers have recently made a compilation of the available thermochemical cycles that yielded about 280 cycles [67]. A large number of cycles are listed in references [2,4,67,95,97]. However only a few of these processes have exhibited potential for high overall efficiencies and technical feasibility. We discuss a few cycles that are presently under study and promising for practical implementation. 

USA 3 X 10 Two-phase a< neou phos- Monsanto Mark 1 process Europe, phate buffer+acrylonitrile, operated since 1964. Mark II... 

The standard requires the supplier to control packing, packaging, and marking processes (including materials used) to the extent necessary to ensure conformance to specified requirements. 

How do you control marking processes including the materials used ... 

Several investigators have explored the use of organic dyes for use in high sensitivity light marking processes. For example, Braudy (4) and Bruce and Jacobs (27) have studied the light induced transfer of volatile organic dyes from one polymer substrate to another. 

The DIP concept is based on an ablative marking process and blue and an infra-red DIP disk have been evaluated. Both DIP disks have high resolution and both are more sensitive than a 150 A tellurium disk to which they were compared. Acceptable readout contrast was obtained in the reflective mode for each. 

Bonderizing . A trade mark process for furnishing a corrosion-resisting base for paint finishes on steel, Al, Zn their alloys and die castings Refs 1)T.Lyman,Edit, "Metals Handbook, AmSoc for Metals,Cleveland(1948),733 2)CondChemDict... 

Figure 12. The flow of H from initial photosynthate (C3 within the chloroplast) to stored carbohydrates and to cytosolic NADPH. Asterisks mark processes in which exchange of C-bound H with water is likely. B, biomass NA, nucleic acids (aa), minor contribution to amino acids.

Hydrogen adsorption has been examined on transition metal clusters, since this is a bench mark process in the catalysis studies. Clusters produced by the laser ablation method are allowed to collide with a hydrogen gas in a narrow reaction tube and are photoionized for mass-spectroscopic identification. The relative reactivity is estimated from the ratio of the intensities of a given cluster ion with and without a hydrogen gas in the tube. 

Marking process Speed Durability Image flexibility Contrast... 

This paper will present information which is essential for the laser marking of plastics. The laser marking process and the advantages of operating a laser versus traditional methods will be discussed. The required equipment and pigment additives necessary to successfully mark plastics with lasers will be presented with samples demonstrating the effectiveness of each. 

Laser marking is an ink-free process which produces a permanent rub-fast, solvent resistant, scratch proof mark with no waste, and is free of flammable or volatile solvents and then-subsequent disposal. These permanent markings cannot be removed without damaging the product, which is ideal for safety concerns. The laser marking process does not require any form of surface treatment, in fact, a film of water on the product will have no effect on the marking process. Since the mark is etched into the plastic product, there is no problem of adhesion, even on polyethylene and polypropylene. 

To the product designer, manufacturer, exporter, and informed consumer, the CE marking raises many unanswered questions. Understanding the real meaning of the CE marking and what s required to affix it to products can take many hours, weeks, or months of study. Oftentimes, with so much conflicting information in abundance, those that took the initial steps to understand the CE marking process ended up more confused than when they started. 

Helmet material preparation process (a) Prepreg roll, (b) Petal marking process, (c) Manual cutting, (d) Dome formation. 

Flammability requirements are stringent for electrical meters and are covered by EN 62053. Capacitor housings require good thermal resistance and dimensional stability. Additionally, both meters and capacitor housings are frequently laser marked, so materials that are compatible with laser marking processes have an advantage. Materials for transformers and insulation systems are tested in accordance with UL 1446 and EN 60085. 

Laser markable materials are available that allow identification numbers to be burnt onto the surface of a package, removing the need for an ink marking process. 

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