Marine and estuarine waters

Valkirs et al. [105] have conducted an interlaboratory comparison or determinations of di- and tributyltin species in marine and estuarine waters using two methods, namely hydride generation with atomic absorption detection and gas chromatography with flame photometric detection. Good agreement was obtained between the results of the two methods. Studies on the effect of storing frozen samples prior to analysis showed that samples could be stored in polycarbonate containers at - 20 °C for 2 - 3 months without significant loss of tributyltin. 

Schell, W. R., Concentrations, Physical-Chemical states and mean residence times of 210Pb and 210Po in marine and estuarine waters, Geochem. Cosmochim. Acta, 41, 1019-1031 (1977). 

Bush, B., R.W. Streeter, and R.J. Sloan. 1990. Polychlorobiphenyl (PCB) congeners in striped bass (Morone saxatilis) from marine and estuarine waters of New York state determined by capillary gas chromatography. Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 19 49-61. 

Hong, C.S., B. Bush, and J. Xiao. 1992. Coplanar PCBs in fish and mussels from marine and estuarine waters of New York State. Ecotoxicol. Environ. Safety 23 118-131. 

Reported concentrations of non-ionic surfactants and their metabolites in marine and estuarine waters... 

An integrated eeologieal risk assessment approaeh ineluding evaluation of three LOEs is applied to the eolleeted data to assess eeologieal health status related to TBT pollution in Duteh marine and estuarine waters. Figure 1 shows the harbour loeations 1 to 30 and the seven open water areas (A to G) from whieh ehemieal, (eeo)toxieologieal and/or eeologieal data have been ineluded in this study. 

The relative proportions of arsenic species in estuarine waters are more variable because of changes in redox, salinity, and terrestrial inputs (Abdullah et al., 1995 Howard et al., 1988). Arsenic(V) tends to dominate, although M. O. Andreae and T. W. Andreae (1989) found increased proportions of As(III) in the Schelde Estuary of Belgium. The highest values occur in anoxic zones near sources of industrial effluent. Increased proportions of As(III) also occur near sources of mine effluent (M. O. Andreae and T. W. Andreae, 1989). Seasonal variations in concentration and speciation have been reported in seasonally anoxic waters (Riedel, 1993). Peterson and Carpenter (1983) reported a clear crossover in the proportions of the two species with increasing depth in the Saanich Inlet of British Columbia. Arsenic(III) represented only 5% (0.10 p,g L ) of the dissolved arsenic above the redox front but 87% (1.58p,gL ) below it. In marine and estuarine waters, organic forms of arsenic are... 

Nevertheless, for a complex material such as the organic matter in marine and estuarine waters, each resonance is broad and arises from a number of structural groups. For example, in the aromatic region the broad signal is due to CH and non-protonated carbon. 

Negative interferences in the tin(II) chloride reduction method may also be caused by the presence of higher concentrations of iron(III), aluminum, calcium, and chloride [100]. The Fe, Al, and Ca interferences are presumably due to competitive complexation of the phosphate, while that for chloride is probably due to inhibition of the phosphomolybdate reduction. The chloride interference in this method is particularly problematic, especially for the determination of phosphate in marine and estuarine waters, and for this reason, the ascorbic acid reduction method of Murphy and Riley [83] is often favored. 

F.L.L. Muller and D.R. Kester. Voltammetric determination of the complexation parameters of zinc in marine and estuarine waters. Marine Chemistry 33 71-90, 1991. 

The National Exposure Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, is always looking to develop new methods to analyze not only drinking water, but also ground, marine, and estuarine water. For this reason, it is always worth checking with them to see what methodology might be in the draft stage. ... 

VaDdrs, A. O., Sehgman, P. R, Olson, G. J., Brinckman, F. E., Matthias, C. L., and BeUama, J. M. (1987) Di- and tributyllin species in marine and estuarine waters. Inter-laboratory comparison of two ultratrace analytical methods employing hydride generation and atomic absorption of flame photometric detection. Analyst, 112,17-21. 

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