Mares pregnancy

Derivation Isolated from human and mare pregnancy urine, commercial synthesis from cholesterol or ergosterol. 

Pregnant mare serum gonadotrophin Endometrial cups pregnant females Maintenance of pregnancy in equids... 

In general, the fluoroquinolones are not recommended for use during pregnancy. However, the fluoroquinolones available currently are not teratogenic in laboratory animals. Moreover, women treated with ciprofloxacin and pregnant mares treated with enrofloxacin did not have an increase in abortions or birth defects. 

Toribio R E, Bain F T, Mrad D R et al 1998 Congenital defects in newborn foals of mares treated for equine protozoal myeloencephalitis during pregnancy. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 212 697-701... 

Neomycin sulfate 3-4 g May be irritant use postbreeding may lower pregnancy rates in mares... 

Clenbuterol, a P2 adrenoceptor agonist, is sometimes used in pregnant mares with lower airway disease for its bronchodilatory effects. This drug has been found to have minimal effects on fetal heart rate when administered i.v. to mares in the last trimester of pregnancy. The effects on fetal health have not been established. 

The middle uterine, utero-ovarian or external iliac arteries may rupture during pregnancy or parturition, leading to signs of shock and colic or to the death of the mare. The therapy of rupture of these major blood vessels is somewhat controversial and may range from drugs that reduce blood pressure to those that increase circulating blood volume and pressure (Vivrette 1997). 

Allen W E 1983 The effect of human chorionic gonadotropin and exogenous progesterone on luteal function during early pregnancy in pony mares. Animal Reproduction Science 6 223-228... 

Ousey J C, Rossdale P D, Dudan F E et al 1998 The effects of Intrafetal ACTH administration on the outcome of pregnancy in the mare. Reproduction, Fertility and Development 10 359-367... 

Brendemuehl et al. (1994) observed the effects of E+ fescue on mare cyclicity, pregnancy rates, and embryonic death rates. Mares grazing E+ pastures... 

Brendemuehl JP, Boosinger TR, Pugh DG, Shelby RA. Influence of endophyte-infected tall fescue on cyclicity, pregnancy rate, and early embryonic loss in the mare. Theriogenology 42 489, 1994b. 

Estriol, oestrUdj estra-l, S(I0)-triai-3,16a,J7fi-triob an estrogen, Af, 288.39, m.p. 280°C, [a]o -i- 61 ° (CHO ). E. 1 been isolated from human female urine (especially during pregnancy) and placenta, from mare s urine, and from willow catkins It is biosynthesized from estrone and estradiol, and differs from Estradiol (see) by the presence of an additional hydroxyl group (a-conformation) at position 16. 

The yield of milk varies with breed, age, stage of lactation, nutrient intake in the late stages of pregnancy, current nutrient intake, and water availability. Some typical milk yields for mares of different liveweights are given in Table 16.20. 

It is also quite possible that the aromatic ring becomes saturated and non-phenolic metabolites are formed. Compounds of this type such as estrane-diol A and B (XCIX) and 3-hydroxy-A - - estratriene-17-one (XCVIII) have been isolated from human pregnancy urine and from pregnant mare urine, respectively (Table VIII). 

In human pregnancy urine, the hormone is chiefly oestrone in urine of the cow or mare, it is chiefly oestriol. Both oestrogens are excreted as inactive esters of glycuronic acid, until the onset of labour, when they appear in the free form (Cohen and Marrian, 1935). 

Equilene and equilenine occiu- as reduction derivatives, along with oestrone in the pregnancy urine from the mare, which has a total... 

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