Marathon running

Six subjects were told to run at a moderate speed (corresponding to a workload of 60-70% of the individual V02max) for about 100 min without competition (NCR). Three subjects took part in a competitive marathon run (M, 42 km) corresponding to 60-70% of the individual V02max- The remaining three subjects participated in a competitive half marathon run (HM, 21 km corresponding to 80-90% of the individual VOamax). 

Fig. 28. (a) Spectra from TA of a 33-year-old male subject before (left) and after (right) a marathon run (M) with submaximal intensity indicate a massive reduction in IMCL. (b) IMCL is nearly unchanged after a high-intensity half-marathon run (HM) in a 42-year-old male subject, (c) Relative changes in IMCL after non-competitive run (NCR, 6 volunteers), marathon run (M, 3 volunteers), and half-marathon run (HM, 3 volunteers). Data are given as means SEM. 

During NCR a clear reduction of IMCL in both muscles was observed (about 20%, spectra not shown), which was even more prominent after M (about 50-60%, Fig. 28a). In contrast to this, IMCL were nearly unchanged after HM (Fig. 28b). The mean reduction of IMCL in all subjects is given in Fig. 28c. The studies show that decline of IMCL levels depends on exercise intensity, as a marked decrease in IMCL after exercise of similar duration is only observable at lower aerobic workloads (NCR vs. HM). IMCL reduction also depends on exercise duration, as shown by the greater decline after the marathon run (M = 225 min) compared to the non-competitive exercise bout (NCR =106 min). 

Prolonged physical activities require the complete oxidation of a fuel to provide a sufficient rate of ATP generation. A marathon run requires the oxidation of about 700 g of glycogen, provided no other fuel is used. To generate the same amount of ATP from the conversion of glycogen to lactate, approximately 7 kg of glycogen would be required. 

A counterpart of evidence that CCK agonists are anxiogenic is to answer the question of whether the CCK system is functionally implicated in non-provoked symptoms of panic or anxiety. It is conceivable that endogenous variations of central and/or peripheral CCK activity may be a neurochemical concomitant of anxiety. It is interesting to mention that serum concentrations of gastrin, a CCK-B agonist, fluctuate in correlation with self-reported tension, conflict, and anxiety in psychiatrically healthy men (M. Feldman et al. 1992). Plasma CCK levels were markedly elevated in sportsmen before a competitive marathon run, as compared with CCK levels under control conditions (Phillip et al. 1992). Plasma concentrations of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), cortisol, and noradrenaline were also elevated and increased extensively after the running performance. However, CCK levels re-... 

Data suggest that extensive physical exercise may increase blood plasma TAC. Long-term effects of systematic physical exercise are, however, controversial. Sub-maximal exercise (30 min) was reported not to alter blood plasma TAC significantly (A7). TAC of blood plasma was reported to increase immediately after a marathon run (by 25%) and this increase persisted 4 days later (by 12%) (L19). Similar effects (increase by 19%) were noted after a half-marathon (C29). Another study reported an increase in blood serum TAC by 22% during a 31-km run and by 16% during a marathon (V10). TAC of blood plasma was increased by 25% after a maximum aerobic exercise test and by 9% after a nonaerobic isometric exercise test (A8). Eccentric muscle exercise (70 maximal voluntary eccentric muscle actions on an isokinetic dynamometer, using the knee extensors of a single leg) did not affect blood serum TAC (C27). In another study, TAC increased after exhaustive aerobic (by 25%) and nonaerobic isometric exercise (by 9%) (A8). 

C29. Child, R. B., Wilkinson, D. M., Fallowfield, J.L., andDonnelly, A. E., Elevated serum antioxidant capacity and plasma malondialdehyde concentration in response to a simulated half-marathon run. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 30, 1603-1607 (1998). 

Sprinting and marathon running are powered by different fuels to maximize power output. The 100-meter sprint is powered by stored ATP, creatine phosphate, and anaerobic glycolysis. In contrast, the oxidation of both muscle glycogen and fatty acids derived from adipose tissue is essential in the running of a marathon, a highly aerobic process. 

For endurance sports to enhance the oxygen carrying capacity of the blood (bicycling, marathon running) erythropoietin, blood doping (the athlete has blood withdrawn and stored, then transfused once the deficit had been made up naturally, so raising the plasma haemoglobin above normal). 

Athletes use saunas to promote recovery from injuries or strenuous workouts. Saunas also increase heart rate without increasing blood pressure. But while FIR saunas can help your body bum additional calories at a rate consistent with fairly strenuous exercise, such as marathon running or squash, they are not an alternative to regular exercise. 

Ananda-Fuara is part restaurant, part peace center. Sri Chinmoy, a luminary perhaps best known for his sponsorship of the 3,100-mile ultra-marathon, runs a meditation center out of the building. Pictures of him shaking the Pope s hand and speaking with other prominent world figures adorn the walls. Add sky blue walls and stained glass hummingbirds and you get a true new-age experience. 

Kratz A, Lewandrowski KB, Siegel AJ, et al. Effect of marathon running on hematologic and biochemical laboratory parameters, including cardiac markers. Am J Clin Pathol 2002 118 856-63. 

Mild physical exertion (S60) and participation in normal sports activities (K21) are without effect on serum alkaline phosphatase. Prolonged bed rest causes no significant changes (H6, H22). Even a marathon run produced a mean increase of only 25% (R22), while the assumption of the erect posture for 30 minutes caused only minor rises (D15, S62). Complex protocols for patient preparation are therefore unnecessary from a clinical point of view. 

By endurance sporting activities such as jogging and marathon running, opioid peptides are released in the brain these dampen sensitivity to pain and can trigger a sense of euphoria. [68]... 

Marathon runners can have measurably increased cardiac enzymes in the blood following a race. These are the same enzymes that are elevated after a heart attack. This elevation is temporary and of unknown significance. Smdies are under way to investigate the long-term effects of repeated marathon running. 

Colombani et al. incorporated a double-blind crossover design to study the general metabolic impact of ARG aspartate supplementation in 14 endurance-trained athletes, using 15 g of ARG aspartate or placebo for 14 days before a marathon run. The authors foimd no obvious metabolic benefit, including no differences in the respiratory exchange ratio, cortisol, insulin, ammonia, or lactate levels related to the supplementation of ARG aspartate. ... 

Marathon-Sport-Schau Marathon Running Hamburg (Exhibition of Sports Goods and Equipment)... 

Noakes TD and Martin D (2002) IMMDA-AIMS advisory statement on guidelines for fluid replacement during marathon running. New Studies in Athletics 17 15-24. 

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