Manometric Analysis

Stem sections collected at the end of the light period, when malic acid was low, showed O2 consumption in light or dark. Those sampled at the end of the dark period, when acid levels were high, showed a low rate of O2 evolution in the light indicative of some measurable photosynthesis. 

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The compound MgGa204, when activated by divalent impurities such as Mn +, is used in ultraviolet-activated powders as a brilliant green phosphor. Another very important application is to improve the sensitivity of various bands used in the spectroscopic analysis of uranium. Minor uses are as high-temperature liquid seals, manometric fluids and heat-transfer media, and for low-temperature solders. 

Industrial analysis of hydrocarbon gases 25 years ago was limited almost to Orsat-type absorptions and combustion, resulting in crude approximations and inadequate qualitative information. The more precise method of Shepherd (56) was available but too tedious for frequent use. A great aid to the commercial development of hydrocarbon gas processes of separation and synthesis was the development and commercialization of high efficiency analytical gas distillation units by Podbielniak (50). In these the gaseous sample is liquefied by refrigeration, distilled through an efficient vertical packed column, the distillation fractions collected as gas and determined manometrically at constant volume. The operation was performed initially in manually operated units, more recently in substantially automatic assemblies. 

Static system rates followed manometrically. Cyclohexene lowered rates by about 3 %. Analysis of products by glc. 

Static system rates followed manometrically and by glc analysis. 

Rates were followed manometrically and confirmed by chemical analysis a five-centre transition state was proposed (however, see text). 

Rates were followed by carbon dioxide formation manometrically and good mass balances (OLC analysis) were demonstrated. 

Acids, Peptides and Proteins. XVl. A Source of Error in the Manometric Ninhydrin Method for the Analysis of Amino Acids and its Suppression by the Use of Hydrazine. J. biol. Chem. 154, 397 (1944). 

If neither speed of analysis nor continuous analysis is required, the volumetric or manometric techniques may be employed. The volumetric method of gas analysis is based on the selective chemical absorption of components of the gas mixture, first CO2 and then O2. The change in volume, at constant... 

Tests in this list are grouped by the following types blood, electrodiagnostic, endoscopy, fluid analysis, manometric, microscopic examination, nuclear scan, other studies, sputum, stool, ultrasound, urine, and x-ray. 

The major serum electrolytes—sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, chloride, and bicarbonate (CO2)—are fairly easy to determine. The metals are most readily determined by the use of fiame-spectrophotometiic or atomic absorption methods, although colorimetric methods exist for calcium and magnesium. Calcium and, less frequently, magnesium are also titrated with EDTA. Ion-selective electrodes are used for the routine analysis of sodium, potassium, and calcium. Bicarbonate is analyzed also by titration against standard acid (see Experiment 8) in addition to a manometric method. Chloride is widely determined by automatic coulometric titration with electrogenerated silver ion. 

For processes in the gas phase, static systems (constant volume and temperature) have been mostly used, and the manometric method has been widely employed for Diels-Alder reactions and for 1,2-cycloadditions " pressure measurements were associated with gravimetric, infrared or gas-chromatographic analyses whenever required by the presence of more than one product. For Diels-Alder reactions only nonmanometric methods were used, either weighing the producF or chemical analysis of iF, or gas chromatography of reactants and product. 1,2-Cyclo self-addition of gaseous benzyne has been kinetically followed by uv spectroscopy-" -. ... 

In the direct-determination procedure, carbonate carbon is first removed from the sediment subsample by treatment with dilute (3N) hydrochloric or phosphoric acid, washing and drying the carbonate-free residue, and then measuring the carbon content of the residue with an elemental analyzer. An alternative direct-determination procedure employs acid vapors to remove inorganic carbon (Yamamuro Kayanne, 1995). A related procedure employs direct reaction with HCl that is added to the sediment sample while it is in the tin boat that is used in the elemental analyzer. After reaction for 24 hours, the acid is evaporated prior to carbon analysis. Yet another alternative direct-determination method involves measuring the amount of CO2 released from carbonate-free sediment subsamples during off-line oxidation of the residual carbon in preparation for carbon isotope analysis. Off-line preparation lines for isotopic analyses can be manometrically calibrated to yield this measurement. Regardless of the procedure, TOC concentrations of lake sediments are usually expressed on a whole-sediment basis. 

The so-called carrier-gas method is the most complicated approach to gas permeation monitoring. Either pure-component or multicomponent penneation rates through films can be monitored using this device, shown in Fig. 20.3-8. A carrier gas such as helium, containing a desired partial pressure of the desired component or components, flows past the upstream face of the membrane. A downstream sweep gas picks up the permeated components and routes them to a gas chromatograph for analysis of the fluxes of each penetrant. An excellent discussion of such a system has been offered by Pye et al., and comparisons were made with manometric cells for pure gas permeation to prove that the results for both cells ate essentially identical if cate is taken in operation. 

The thermal decomposition characteristics used included the Arrhenius parameters obtained by means of the Russian manometric method ([9,11,151] and citations herein) or by means of methods that give comparable results (especially differential scanning calorimetry [9,151]). Another source of these characteristics was the simple non-isothermic differential thermal analysis (DTA) whose outputs were evaluated by means of the Kissinger method [152-154] in the sense of relationship [154] ... 

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