Manganese symptom

Manganese deficiency symptoms in animals affect three systems - bone, reproductive and brain (6,24). Impaired growth, skeletal abnormalities, depressed reproductive function and ataxia in newborn appear to be similar manganese symptoms in all species studied. 

Spahr, L., Butterworth, R. F., Fontaine, S. etal. Increased blood manganese in cirrhotic patients relationship to pallidal magnetic resonance signal hyperintensity and neurological symptoms. Hepatology 24 1116-1120,1996. 

Saric M, Lucic-Palaic S Possible synergism of exposure to airborne manganese and smoking habit in occurrence of respiratory symptoms. In Walton WH (ed) Inhaled Particles, rV pp 773-779. New York, Pergamon Press, 1977... 

Inhalation of manganese tetroxide dust can lead to an inflammatory response in the lung. Symptoms may include cough, bronchitis, pneumonitis, and occasionally pneumonia. It has been noted that this type of inflammatory... 

Treatment of symptoms of idiopathic Parkinson s disease (paralysis agitans), postencephalitic parkinsonism, and sympathetic parkinsonism that may follow injury to the nervous system by carbon monoxide and manganese intoxication. 

Although trace amounts of manganese are essential for animals, in large quantities the metal can cause acute and chronic poisoning. Chronic inhalation of metal dust or fumes can cause manganism, a nonfatal disease affecting the central nervous system. The symptoms are mental disorder and disturbance in speech. 

Manganism, the result of overexposure to manganese, primarily affects the brain [23]. Severe psychiatric symptoms including hyperirritability, violent acts, and hallucinations are characteristic of manganism. These symptoms manifest themselves due to the ability of manganese(II) to cross the blood-brain barrier [24]. Manganese(II) ions also interfere with the calcium channels of cardiac cells, which leads to decreased ability of the heart muscle to contract [25]. This results in a decrease in heart rate, an increase in aortic pressure and ventricular fibrillation [25,26]. Manganese has been found to interfere with DNA replication and has been shown to increase the occurrence of cancer [27]. 

Manganese deficiency has been reported only in association with chemically defined manganese-deficient oral diets. The symptoms include nausea, vomiting, dermatitis, color changes in hair, hypocholesterolemia, and growth retardation. 

Manganese has been found to be an essential nutrient for the human as well as for many other living organisms however, in excessive amounts, it is also a toxic material (1-6). Deficiency symptoms for manganese in several species have been created and manganese metabolic roles have, at least in part, been defined (5,7-15). So called "normal" manganese concentrations in blood have been established (1,10,16). Kinetics of manganese uptake and metabolism by... 

The single reported case of frank manganese deficiency in humans arose unintentionally in an adult male participating in a vitamin K deficiency study (23). Inadvertently manganese was omitted from the purified diet mixture. The signs and symptoms of weight loss,... 

The first report of an experimentally-induced deficiency was by Doisy (1) who fed two subjects a formula diet that was deficient in vitamin K. One of the subjects developed a slight reddening of the hair, a scaly, transient dermatitis, depressed vitamin K-dependent clotting factors, and hypocholesterolemia. The symptoms were unresponsive to vitamin K but disappeared when a normal diet was resumed. When Doisey recalculated his purified diet, he realized that he had inadvertently omitted the manganese. The diet had contained a manganese level of only 0.34 mg/day and apparently had produced a manganese deficiency. 

Manganese toxicity has been observed in miners exposed to high levels of Mn02 dust. The neurological symptoms mimic Parkinson s disease. Major changes were observed in the biogenic amines, dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA), and phenylalanine. Restoration of appropriate levels of these bioamines alleviated the symptoms. Chelation therapy has not been demonstrated as an effective strategy. ... 

---