Plant manganese

Shand CA, Cheshire MV, Bedrock CN, Chapman PJ, Fraser AR, Chudek JA. Solid-phase P-13 NMR spectra of peat and mineral soils, humic acids and soil solution components influence of iron and manganese. Plant Soil 1999 214 153-163. 

Micronutrients. Attention to meeting the micronutrient needs of crops has greatiy increased as evidenced in an analysis undertaken by TVA and the Soil Science Society in 1972 (99). The micronutrient elements most often found wanting in soil—crop situations are boron, copper, iron, manganese, molybdenum, and zinc. Some of these essential micronutrients can be harmful to plants when used in excess. 

Health and Environment. Manganese in trace amounts is an essential element for both plants and animals and is among the trace elements least toxic to mammals including humans. Exposure to abnormally high concentrations of manganese, particulady in the form of dust and fumes, is, however, known to have resulted in adverse effects to humans (36,37) (see Mineral nutrients). 

W. Gericke, "The Establishment of a 500,000 tpa Sinter Plant at Samancor s Mamatwan Manganese Ore Mine," Proceedings of the 5th International Ferroalloys Congress (fnfacon). New Orleans, La., Apr. 1989. 

A detailed review of the methods for deterrnination of low manganese concentration in water and waste is available (179). A review on the speciation of Mn in fresh waters has been reported (180). Reviews for the chemical analysis of Mn in seawater, soil and plants, and air are presented in References 181, 182, and 183, respectively. 

The only new sihcon capacity since the early 1990s is by the Gulf Ferroalloys Company in Saudi Arabia. This plant is expected to have four furnaces and produce silicon metal, ferrosihcon, sihcomanganese, and manganese alloys by late 1996. 

Grizzly Screens These consist of a set of parallel bars held apart by spacers at some predetermined opening. Bars are frequently made of manganese steel to reduce wear. A grizzly is widely used before a primaiy crusher in rock- or ore-crushing plants to remove the fines before the ore or rock enters the crusher. It can be a stationaiy set of bars or a vibrating screen. 

A U.S. Bureau of Mines survey covering 202 froth flotation plants in the United States showed that 198 million tons of material were treated by flotation in 1960 to recover 20 million tons of concentrates which contained approximately 1 billion in recoverable products. Most of the worlds copper, lead, zinc, molybdenum, and nickel are produced from ores that are concentrated first by flotation. In addition, flotation is commonly used for the recoveiy of fine coal and for the concentration of a wide range of mineral commodities including fluorspar, barite, glass sand, iron oxide, pyrite, manganese ore, clay, feldspar, mica, sponumene, bastnaesite, calcite, garnet, kyanite, and talc. 

Precipitation is often applied to the removal of most metals from wastewater including zinc, cadmium, chromium, copper, fluoride, lead, manganese, and mercury. Also, certain anionic species can be removed by precipitation, such as phosphate, sulfate, and fluoride. Note that in some cases, organic compounds may form organometallic complexes with metals, which could inhibit precipitation. Cyanide and other ions in the wastewater may also complex with metals, making treatment by precipitation less efficient. A cutaway view of a rapid sand filter that is most often used in a municipal treatment plant is illustrated in Figure 4. The design features of this filter have been relied upon for more than 60 years in municipal applications. 

Manganese ions enzyme activators, 6,578 probes, 6,563 RNA polymerases activation, 6, 585 transport microbes, 6, 569 plants, 6, 572 Manganese oxide colloidal... 

G. W. Deeper, Relationship of soils to manganese deficiency of plants. Nature 134 912 (1934). 

---