Manchester process

A modification of the Ferrox process was developed in England in the 1950 at the Rochdale Works of the Manchester Corporation Gas Department and is known as the Manchester process. This process, which is covered by British Patents 550,272 and 611,917, was subsequently used in several British gas works installations. A large plant, with a capiacity to handle 80 million cu ft air/day, was also built to remove hydrogen sulfide from the exhaust air in a viscose cellulose manufacturing plant. In this installation, the hydrogen sulfide content of the air was reduced from 255 to approximately 5 ppm (Roberts and Farrar, 1956). 

The Manchester process absorber design underwent several modifications, and its configuration varies depending on the operating conditions in each plant. In addition to packed cylindrical vessels, rectangular vessels are also used as eoal gas absorbers (R. J. Dempster, 1957). For rayon plants, where the large volume of exhaust air contains a relatively small amount of HiS, horizontal spray absorbers with semicircular cross sections arc also used (Anon., 1957B),... 

Figure 9-A. Manchester process plant treating 12 million scf/day of coal gas. Absorbers shown in foreground. Southwestern Gas Board, England, and W.C. Holmes Co., Lid.

Centre of Process Integration University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology... 

Zykov V S 1988 Simuiation of Wave Processes in Excitabie Media (Manchester Manchester University Press)... 

M. Kneale, The Safe Disposal of Relief Discharges, Selection Use of Pressure Relief Systems for Process Plants, Institution of Chemical Engineers North Western Branch, Manchester. UK, 1989, Paper 7. 

Bellamy, L. J., Geyer, T. A. W. (1988). Addressing Human Factors Issues in the Safe Design and Operation of Computer Controlled Process Systems. In B. A. Sayers (Ed.), Proceedings ofSARSS 88. Human Factors and Decision Making Their Influence on Safety and Reliability. 19-20 October, Altrincham, Manchester, U.K. London Elsevier Applied Science. 

R. Bond, Compound Ingredient Consistency—Its Role in Process Capability, Ninth Annual Meeting of the Polymer Processing Society, Manchester, England, April 5-8 (1993). 

If heat is supplied to a liquid, a portion of the liquid on the surface passes into the state of vapour, exposed to air, the whole gradually disappears by this process of evaporation, but if it is contained in a closed vessel the transition into vapour is limited, the formation of the latter ceasing when it has attained a certain pressure, called the vapour-pressure of the liquid. Dalton Mem. Manchester Phil. Soc. 15, 409,1801) established the following laws, which have been verified by later observers ... 

Figure 4.19 Electrospray spectra of a protein (a) after transformation, and (b) after maximum entropy processing. From applications literature published by Micromass UK Ltd, Manchester, UK, and reproduced with permission.

Manchester A variation on the Ferrox process for removing hydrogen sulfide from industrial gases in which several absorbers are used, and delay stages permit completion of the reaction with the iron oxide absorbent. Developed by the Manchester Corporation Gas Department in the 1940s and installed in several British gasworks. 

Stretford A process for removing hydrogen sulfide and organic sulfur compounds from coal gas and general refinery streams by air oxidation to elementary sulfur, using a cyclic process involving an aqueous solution of a vanadium catalyst and anthraquinone disulfonic acid. Developed in the late 1950s by the North West Gas Board (later British Gas) and the Clayton Aniline Company, in Stretford, near Manchester. It is the principle process used today, with over 150 plants licensed in Western countries and at least 100 in China. 

Weizmann A process for producing acetone and //-butanol by the fermentation of carbohydrates by bacteria isolated from soil or cereals. Later work has shown that effective bacteria are Clostridium acetobutylicum and Bacillus granulobacter pectinorum. Used in Britain in World War I for the manufacture of acetone, needed for the production of cordite. Subsequently operated by Commercial Solvents Corporation in Terre Haute, IN, and in two plants in Canada. Later abandoned in favor of synthetic processes. Invented by C. Weizmann in the University of Manchester in 1915, based on earlier work at the Pastern Institute by A. Fembach and E. H. Strange (hence the alternative name Fembach-Strange-Weizmann). The money that Weizmann obtained from royalties on this process was used in founding the State of Israel, of which he was the first president. 

A flux containing Ca, Al, and Mg oxides, or bauxite, is used, and the process takes place in a partial vacuum. Invented in 1965 by E. M. Magee and B. Eisenberg at Esso Research and Engineering Company. An improved version of this process, MAGRAM, is under development at the University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology, which... 

The public funeral was held on August 12, when the coffin was taken from Town Hall to a nearby cemetery in a funeral procession that was nearly a mile long. Six horses drew the hearse, followed by the more notable members of the community riding in almost a hundred carriages and the common citizens of Manchester on foot. 

There is also a sixth member of this series, known as uranium Y (46, 50, 56, 59), which was discovered in 1911 by G. N. Antonoff, who was working under Sir Ernest Rutherford at the University of Manchester. He afterward returned to St. Petersburg. Uranium Y, like uranium Z, belongs to a subordinate branch of the family. Frederick Soddy attributed Antonoff s success, not to the special chemical process adopted, but to the lapse of a suitable period of time between successive separations" (75). Thus in the uranium series uranium 1 breaks down to form uranium Xj, and this in turn disintegrates to form the successive products uranium X2, uranium Z, uranium 2, and uranium Y. 

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