Management financial statements

Principles of Accounting Accounting is the art of recording business transactions in a systematic manner. Financial statements are both the basis for and the result of management decisions. Such statements can tell managers or engineers a great deal about their company, provided that they can interpret the information correctly. 

A basic knowledge of accounting and financial statements is necessary for a chemical professional to be able to analyze a firm s operation and to communicate with accountants, financial personnel, and managers. Financial reports of a company are important sources of information used by management, owners, creditors, investment bankers, and financial analysts. All publicly held companies are required to submit annual reports to the Securities and Exchange Commission. As with any field a certain basic nomenclature is used to be able to understand the financial operation of a company. It should be emphasized that companies may also have their own internal nomenclature, but some terms are universally accepted. In this section, the common terminology is used. 

Accounting Keep the books Record financial transactions Prepare financial statements Manage cash flows Analysis of profitability... 

This chapter describes a six-step process that has been proven to be useful in beginning to manage one s personal finances. Personal financial statements, the use of credit, investment strategies, and retirement planning also are discussed. The chapter concludes with seven principles of effective personal finance. 

Regardless of which method is used, most pharmacies also conduct a physical inventory at least annually. This encompasses counting or scanning every item in the pharmacy. Pharmacy staff then can compare the product on-hand quantities in the computer or the value of inventory on the financial statements with what is actually on the shelves. It is important to conduct a physical inventory to verify periodically the accuracy of the pharmacy s financial records. Additionally, pharmacy managers should follow state board of pharmacy regulations with respect to inventory counts and control with respect to controlled substances, especially narcotics. 

In addition to using financial statements for comparative horizontal and vertical analysis, ratios are another available tool. Developing relationships among financial statement items is the crux of ratio analysis. In this type of analysis, it is extremely important for the evaluators, such as creditors or management, to select the ratio applicable to their immediate area of concern. Then, the relevant ratio can be calculated for analysis, and, finally, more research might be necessary as ratio analysis is limited. 

Solvency refers to an enterprise s ability to meet its long-term debt obligations on a continuing basis. All financial statement users are interested in the liquidity of a firm in addition to the obvious liquidity concerns of creditors and management. Will the firm be able to pay its short-term debts as they become due Can the firm cover its current liabilities with its current assets Does the firm have an efficient mix of current assets, e.g., cash and inventory Do owners and management properly use the current assets To effectively answer these and other financial questions, it is necessary to use the following financial tools. 

We have audited the accompanying statement of consolidated financial position of Monsanto Company and subsidiaries as of Dec. 31,1994 and 1993, and the related statements of consolidated income, shareowners equity and cash flow for each of the three years in the period ended Dec. 31,1994. These financial statements are the responsibility of the company s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements based on our audits. 

Annual report a copy of the annual report and the CER were received. As well as presenting the financial statements the annual report contains a business review in which some environmental highlights are reported. These mention certification of several sites to ISO 14001 and the conclusion of a marketing agreement for a low ozone-depleting solvent. There is also a separate section on HS E issues, which includes safety figures, reports on environmental management and describes Elf Atochem s approach to product stewardship. 

All management personnel are expected to follow and enforce the safety and health policies and procedures the company has set forth. They should be held both physically and financially accountable for their safety and health practice performance as well as the performance of those they supervise. Figure 2.5 shows a management accountability statement. 

Producing financial statements require a company to invest a significant amount of time, effort, and resources. Thus, it is crucial for the statements to be accurate and informative. Executives, managers, investors, lenders, and others use a company s financial statements to... 

Companies and management are evaluated on many outcomes and operations functions can directly impact a company s financial performance. Companies are evaluated on their ability to pay current bills, profitability, management of assets and debts, and the valuation of the company. Operations and supply chain managers have a significant impact on a company s cash flow, profitability, debt burden, utilization of assets, and its ability to remain in business. Operational decisions and actions will be reflected on a company s financial statements and subsequent performance ratios. Table 4.5 provides a summary of the performance ratios that were introduced in this chapter. 

Types of Accountancy The traditional work of accountants has been to prepare balance sheets and income statements. Nowadays, accountants are becoming increasingly concerned with foi ward planning. Modern accountancy can roughly be divided into two branches, financial accountancy and management or cost accountancy. 

After the balance sheet and the income statement or profit-and-loss account, the funds statement is generally regarded as the most important financial document. However, many financial managers regard a statement showing changes in cash as being of equal importance. 

Financial reports used in independent pharmacy practice are very similar to those used in chain community pharmacies. Managers in chain community pharmacies pay attention to the same financial ratios and key indicators on balance sheets and income statements. It was with this knowledge that Marco and Diana decided to spend some time with WHP s owner to gain more insight into the preparation and review of financial reports in community pharmacy practice. 

The revenues and expenses from the Daily Plan Payment report are compiled each month and entered into the income statement report (typically by the organization s accountant or bookkeeper, not by the pharmacists themselves). WHP begins its fiscal year on November 1. In addition to the yearly income statement and balance sheet, WHP s accountant prepares a monthly income statement and balance sheet to provide managers with a more precise picture of the financial status of the pharmacy. Before we examine these reports, we have to consider an important point about the preparation of the monthly income statement. 

---