Account, accounts

Principles of Accounting Accounting is the art of recording business transactions in a systematic manner. Financial statements are both the basis for and the result of management decisions. Such statements can tell managers or engineers a great deal about their company, provided that they can interpret the information correctly. 

Until now we have considered the interaction between isolated molecules or macroscopic bodies when the particles are separated by a vacuum. Interactions in a vacuum is reasonable for molecules in the gas phase. However, for dispersions of one phase in another, the effect of the medium must be taken into account. Accounting for the effects of the medium leads to some useful combining relations for the Hamaker constant AIJk, which is the Hamaker constant for interaction between / and k in medium j. In addition, situations may arise in which AlJk is negative, that is, the interaction is repulsive. We review these in this section. 

In a business or organization, the CFO is the individual who is responsible for the financial decisions and investments made by the company. In a hospital or health system, the CFO is likely to have several departments and functions reporting to him or her, including general accounting, accounts receivable and accounts payable, payroll, budgeting, and finance. 

Accountability. Accountability begins with a clear, explicit, and reasonably specific statement of a company s expectations, objectives, and goals. Example Process safety audits must be conducted based on the relative risk involved. ... 

Accountability — Accountability is crucial to helping managers, supervisors, and employees imderstand that they are responsible for their own performance and behavior. Reward progress and enforce negative consequences when appropriate. Supervisors are motivated to do their best when management measures their performance. Remember, what gets measured is what gets done. 

Accountability Accountability should be assigned to the supervisor and technicians for their assigned duties. 

Besides the product, today the business is seen in terms of its sustainability at various production chains and it should encompass not only environmental protection, but also social accountability—accountability to the work force as well as to the consumers. A new OEKOTEX Certification System for various production sites can be used by the brands, retailers, and suppliers to convey to consumers that their production is completely sustainable. It guarantees environmentally friendly production processes, and in relation to social accountability, it assures optimum health and safety conditions and a socially acceptable work atmosphere. It apphes to fiber production, spinning and weaving, and finishing facilities, as well as garment manufacturing. As of Jun. 2013, OEKOTEX Certification for production sites was replaced by the Sustainable Textile Production (STeP) Certification label, and its responsibility is with the OEKOTEX Association, with 16 member institutes present in over 60 countries (https //www.oeko-tex.com/en/ manufacturers/concept/sustainable textile production step/step.xhlml). 

The method proposed in this monograph has a firm thermodynamic basis. For vapo/-liquid equilibria, the method may be used at low or moderate pressures commonly encountered in separation operations since vapor-phase nonidealities are taken into account. For liquid-liquid equilibria the effect of pressure is usually not important unless the pressure is very large or unless conditions are near the vapor-liquid critical region. 

The method used here is based on a general application of the maximum-likelihood principle. A rigorous discussion is given by Bard (1974) on nonlinear-parameter estimation based on the maximum-likelihood principle. The most important feature of this method is that it attempts properly to account for all measurement errors. A discussion of the background of this method and details of its implementation are given by Anderson et al. (1978). 

ANGLE AVERAGING IS USED TO ACCOUNT FOR THE EFFECT OF POLARITY DUE TO A large DIPOLE ON THE ENERGY AND SIZE PARAMETERS. 

In describing reactor performance, selectivity is usually a more meaningful parameter than reactor yield. Reactor yield is based on the reactant fed to the reactor rather than on that which is consumed. Clearly, part of the reactant fed might be material that has been recycled rather than fresh feed. Because of this, reactor yield takes no account of the ability to separate and recycle unconverted raw materials. Reactor yield is only a meaningful parameter when it is not possible for one reason or another to recycle unconverted raw material to the reactor inlet. By constrast, the yield of the overall process is an extremely important parameter when describing the performance of the overall plant, as will be discussed later. 

For batch reactors, account has to be taken of the time required to achieve a given conversion. Batch cycle time is addressed later. 

The choice of reactor temperature, pressure, arid hence phase must, in the first instance, take account of the desired equilibrium and selectivity effects. If there is still freedom to choose between gas and liquid phase, operation in the liquid phase is preferred. 

Although the flowsheet shown in Fig. 4.7a is very attractive, it is not practical. This would require careful control of the stoichiometric ratio of decane to chlorine, taking into account both the requirements of the primary and byproduct reactions. Even if it was possible to balance out the... 

It thus appears that the flow rate of the nonkey components may account for the diflerences between sequences. Essentially, nonkey components have two effects on a separation. They cause... 

Let us take each of these components in turn and explore whether they can be accounted for from the material and energy balance without having to perform heat exchanger network design. 

Knowing where waste is going is the key to reducing it. When reducing waste from process operations, a steady-state mass balance is not usually comprehensive enough. A balance that takes into account start-up, shutdown, and product changeovers is required. 

When synthesizing a flowsheet, these criteria are applied at various stages when there is an incomplete picture. Hence it is usually not possible to account for all the fixed and variable costs listed above. Also, there is little point in calculating taxes until a complete picture of operating costs and cash flows has been established. 

Money to carry accounts receivable (i.e., credit extended to customers) less accounts payable (i.e., credit extended by suppliers)... 

Time is taken into account by discounting the annual cash flow Acf with the rate of interest to obtain the anitual discounted cash flow -Adcf- Thus, at the end of year 1,... 

In this Dictionary 1 have aimed to provide an explanation of the terms used in the various branches of chemistry, together with brief accounts of important substances and chemical operations. The Dictionary is intended for use in schools, colleges and universities from the first study of chemistry up to about second year at university or college. We have necessarily had to be selective rather than comprehensive but most chemicals met with at this level should be included. 

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