Mammalian Cell Transformation

The doses are selected from the results of a preliminary experiment and range from a high dose that reduces colony formation (but not by 50%) to a low dose that has no measurable effect on colony formation. After exposure to the test chemical for 1 to 3 days, the cells are washed and incubation is continued for up to 4 weeks. At that time the monolayers are fixed, stained, and scored for transformed foci. 

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Styles JA. 1978. Mammalian cell transformation In vrira. Br J Cancer 37 (Appendix III) 931-936. 

The in vitro mammalian cell transformation test EU Annex V B.21... 

Positive results from the in vitro mammalian cell transformation test indicate that the test substance produces phenotypic changes in cultured mammalian cells associated with malignant transformation in vivo. None of the in vitro test endpoints has an established mechanistic link with cancer. Some of the test systems are capable of detecting tumor promoters. 

In most instances the specimens will be self-evident (e.g., samples of blood, plasma, serum, urine, spinal fluid, aqueous humor, organs, tissues, and tissue fractions that are taken from a test system with the intention of performing an examination or analysis). In other instances the definition may not be as clear. For example, the assay plates used in the mammalian cell transformation assay and the mammalian point mutation assay are considered specimens even though they bear many of the attributes of a test system. For these assays, the originally plated cells plus media and excipients are the test system. After treatment with the test or... 

This usually means that the system should detect three major classes of mutation—genic, chromosomal, and genomic. Only with additional justification would other end points, such as chemical damage to DMA and mammalian cell transformation (neoplastic transformation), be recommended as part of a mutagenicity test battery. Such systems can be validated by demonstrating that they predict mutation. 

Boreiko CJ. 1985. Mechanistic Aspects of Initiation and Promotion in C-3H-10T-1-2 Cells. In Barrett JC, Tennant RW, eds. Carcinogenesis A comprehensive survey, Vol. 9. Meeting Mammalian cell transformation Mechanisms of carcinogenesis and assays for carcinogens, Research Triangle Park, NC. New York, NY Raven Press, 153-166. 

Karin M, Wigler MH. Multiple RAS functions can contribute to 57. mammalian cell transformation. Cell 1995 80 533-541. 

Huberman E. 1975. Mammalian cell transformation and cell-mediated mutagenesis by carcinogenic polycyclic hydrocarbons. Mutat Res 29 285-291. 

White M. A., Nicolette C, Minden A, et al. (1995) Multiple Ras functions can contribute to mammalian cell transformation. Cell 80 533. 

Heidelberger, C. 1980. Mammalian cell transformation and mammalian cell mutagenesis. 

Tsutsui, T., Tamura, Y., Hagiwara, M., Miyachi, T., Hikiba, H., Kubo, C., and Barrett, J.C., Induction of mammalian cell transformation and genotoxicity by 2-methoxyestradiol, an endogenous metabolite of estrogen. Carcinogenesis, 21, 735-740, 2000. 

Safrole was positive in the following short-term tests for mutagenesis mammalian cell transformation in culture, Rabin s test of degranulation of rough endoplasmic reticulum... 

Salmonella mutagenicity Mammalian cell transformation Organism level (acute)... 

Mammalian Cell Transformation Systems as Prescreens for Identifying Carcinogens in the Environment... 

TABLE 1. Mammalian Cell Transformation Systems Employing Fibroblast... 

Mammalian cell transformation assay C3H/10T1/2 or BALB/c3T3... 

Li, 1. L. H., Jerkofsky, M. A. and Rapp, E. (1975). Demonstration of oncogenic potential of mammalian cells transformed by DNA-containing viruses following photodynamic inactivation. Int. J. Cancer, 15, 190. 

Eastman Kodak Company (1984) Material Safety Data Sheet Basic Toxicity, Bacterial Mutagenicity, and in vitro Mammalian Cell Transformation of Triethyl Phosphate, Office of Toxic Substances, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC, MSDS-10, lOOA-01 (010-84), FYI-OTS-0884-0328 Supp, Seq. E. 

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