Malodorous amines

Karlsson S, Banhidi E, Banhidi ZG, Albertsson A-C (1984) Accumulation of Malodorous Amines and Polyamines Due to Clostridial Putrefaction. In Berglund B, Lindberg T, Sundell J (eds) Indoor Air 3 Sensoring and Hyperactivity Reactions to Sick Buildings. Liber Tryck AB, Stockholm, p 287... 

Toxic or malodorous pollutants can be removed from industrial gas streams by reaction with hydrogen peroxide (174,175). Many Hquid-phase methods have been patented for the removal of NO gases (138,142,174,176—178), sulfur dioxide, reduced sulfur compounds, amines (154,171,172), and phenols (169). Other effluent treatments include the reduction of biological oxygen demand (BOD) and COD, color, odor (142,179,180), and chlorine concentration. 

Flares are mostly used for the disposal of hydrocarbons. Waste gases composed of natural gas, propane, ethylene, propylene, butadiene, and butane probably constitute over 95 percent of the material flared. Flares have been used successfully to control malodorous gases such as mercaptans and amines, but care must be taken when flaring these gases. Unless the flare is very efficient and gives good combustion, obnoxious fumes can escape unburned and cause a nuisance. 

Many papers from the patent literature on pyrethroids and juvenile hormones cannot be included in this Report. Papers have reported the synthesis and activity of monoterpenoid juvenoids, including geranyl pyridyl ethers " and geranyl alkyl ethers and amines and their epoxides. Further papers in this section include a report of the potent lung toxicity of perillaketone, the observation that the malodorous water contaminant 2-methylisoborneol has the l-R-exo configuration, and that fenchyl methyl L-aspartylaminomalonate is 2 x 10" times sweeter than sucrose. ... 

Li(0), Na(0) / NH3(1) Birch reductions Specialized equipment needed for use of NH3(1) or volatile amines at low temperature, and recovery amines can be malodorous... 

The odors of amines are quite unpleasant many of the malodorous compounds that are released as fish decay are low-molecular-weight amines. Amines of high molecular weight are nonvolatile, so they have little odor. One of the materials used to manufacture nylon, hexamethylenediamine, is an aliphatic amine. Many aromatic amines are used to prepare organic dyes that are widely used in industrial societies. Amines are also used to produce many medicinal products, including local anesthetics and sulfa drags. 

Contamination of persons with malodorous substances, such as mercaptans and amines, has been proposed as a means to deter less motivated rioters based on psychological and physiological effects such as olfactory repulsion and nausea (Whitten et al., 1970). They can be delivered by frangible missile, and addition of a thickening agent will prolong adhesiveness. 

The "Antimalodors" (AMALs) mentioned above were discovered in a chance observation in 1968 ( ). In a routine screening program of new aroma chemicals it was found that several new compounds had the unique property to suppress the perception of malodors caused by molecules which have pronounced proton donor or proton acceptor properties. The most commonly encountered malodors belong in this group lower fatty acids, phenols, mercaptans, amines etc. Even more important was the observation that these "Antimalodors" produced a very specific counteraction effect... 

In contrast the malodors - proton donors or proton acceptors with no exception - eure all small molecules with molecular weights well below 100 Daltons, they are highly poleur compounds and have little or no steric requiroaents. They sheure no structural features (Methyl mercaptan - trimethyl amine - isobutyric acid - phenol) and all are strong irritants. 

Woimd malodour is due to the presence of necrotic (deai tissue and/or the result of severe colonisation/infection of bacterial micnHirganisms . These malodorous microorganisms are of the bacteroides and clostridium species, in a cocktail of different volatile agents, like n-butyric, n-vederic n-caproic acids, amines and diamines such as cadaverine and putrescine, that are produced by the metabolic processed... 

Since the exuding wounds contain a cocktail of proteins, carbohydrates, enzymes, and other ingredients that are closely associated with odor production, they are often a source of obnoxious smells, especially when infection is involved. Wound odors are caused by short-chain organic acids such as n-butyric, n-valeric, n-caproic, and n-caprylic acids produced by anaerobic bacteria, and amines and diamines such as cadav-erine and putrescine that are produced by the metabolic processes of other proteolytic bacteria. Organisms frequently isolated from malodorous wounds include anaerobes such as Bacteroides and Clostridium species, and numerous aerobic bacteria including Proteus, Klebsiella, and Pseudomonas. 

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