Maleic polyethylene graft polymerization

The influence of the inclusion size, shape, and surface treatment on the gas permeability of polyethylene in its micro- and nanocomposites has been investigated in various papers.Kato et al. report the N2 permeability of nanocomposites based on polyethylene (PE) melt compounded with maleic anhydride grafted polyethylene (MA-g-PE) and octadecylamine (C18-MMT) modified montmorillonite. The gas permeability coefficient for all the prepared samples are reported in Fig. 11.8. Interestingly, polyethylene, maleic anhydride grafted polyethylene, a 70/30 blend of PE/MA-g-PE and a blend of PE/MA-g-PE/MMT have almost the same permeability coefficient. Only the composites obtained by mixing the polymeric matrices with the modified montmorillonite show for PE/MA-g-PE/C18-MMT (PECHl) a decrement of 30% in permeability and for MA-g-PE/C18-MMT (PECH3) a decrement of 35%. The differences in the gas barrier property were attributed to the different dispersion of the clay silicate layers in the matrix. 

Tables 2 and 3 give the results of haze reduction for the polymeric red and polymeric yellow dye, respectively, based on the type of analysis described for Figure 2. Haze reductions in both the red and yellow polymeric dye were observed with the addition of both polyethylene-based Zn ionomer and polypropylene-alt-maleic anhydride copolymer. The polypropylene-graft-maleic anhydride copolymers were not effective in reducing haze in the polymeric red, but did show haze reduction in the yellow, although relatively higher loadings of this wax were necessary to give similar results to the Zn ionomer or the PP-alt-MA materials. The polyethylene-graft-maleic anhydride copolymer, the succinic anhydride- terminated isotactic PP, and the PP homopolymer wax did not reduce haze with the polymeric red. The C30 a-olefin-alt-maleic anhydride copolymer and the polyethylene-based calcium ionomer both produced increases in haze when molded with the polymeric red.

Superabsorbent polymers are now commonly made from the polymerization of acrylic acid blended with sodium hydroxide in the presence of an initiator to form a polyacrylic acid, sodium salt (sometimes referred to as cross-linked sodium polyacrylate). Some of the polymers include polyacrylamide copolymer, ethylene maleic anhydride copolymer, cross-linked carboxy-methyl-cellulose, polyvinyl alcohol copolymers, cross-linked polyethylene oxide, and starch grafted copolymer of polyacrylonitrile to name a few. The latter is one of the oldest SAP forms created. 

Polyester-amide based polymeric dyes were obtained as GemTone Colorants from DayGlo Color Corp. These were obtained as commercially available materials in yellow, red, and blue. The wax additives types are outlined in Table 1. The polyethylene and polypropylene-graft-maleic anhydride (MA) copolymers and... 

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