Malaysia formation

Aceh follows as the ethnie nationalism most threatening to the Indonesian state. Chapter 5 demonstrates that the strength of this ethnie nationalism, by contrast with the stateless examples that follow, is precisely its memory of state. Acehnese may be less distinctive as a minority than Indonesia s Bataks or Malaysia s Kadazan, but they inherit an unusually strong sense of state resistance to outside control. The Batak and Kadazan cases, in chapters 6 and 7, reveal the different paths of political identity formation and assertion of previously stateless peoples that were possible in Indonesia and Malaysia respectively. The different outcomes are largely set by the gulf between the two state nationalisms with which they contended post-revolutionary, centralising civic nationalism in Indonesia evolutionary, federal and ethno-nationalist Malaysia. 

One of the greatest benefits of the formation of Malaysia in 1963 was that it at last created a neutral and artificial name for the country distinct from that of any ethnie. It thereby could in principle, like Indonesia and the Philippines but unlike Thailand, Burma and Vietnam, emphasise the national identity without necessarily marginalising minorities. But there were still profound tensions between the concepts of core ethnie and of neutral citizenship. Lee Kuan Yew s Singapore was expelled from the new country after less than two years because his vigorous campaign for a civic or territorial nationalism— Malaysian Malaysia the assertion that We are here as of right —was considered by Alliance leaders as certain to lead to violent conflict with Malay ethno-nationalism (Mahathir 1970 122). 

Pinus caribaea, P. merkusii and P. oocarpa in Malaysia produce little latewood during the first two to four growth layers, but latewood develops strongly thereafter. Even with subsequent latewood formation the contrast between earlywood and... 

Harris JM (1973) The use of beta rays to examine wood density of tropical pines in Malaysia. In Burley J and Nikles DG (eds). Selection and tree breeding to improve some tropical conifers. Commonwealth Forestry Institute, Oxford, Vol. 2 86-94 Harris JM (1989) Spiral Grain and Wave Phenomena in Wood Formation. Springer-Verlag, Berlin... 

The major areas of peat formation today are raised mires, which are found in the tropics (e.g. Malaysia and Indonesia) and the temperate zone of the northern hemisphere. The boreal raised mires are dominated by moss (Sphagnum), whereas their tropical counterparts bear trees. As the raised mires develop, plant diversity decreases for example, the dipterocarp Shorea alhida is often the only tree on raised mires in north-west Borneo. 

Drilled shafts, which are also known as drilled piers, or more commonly referred to as bored piles in Malaysia, have been found to be suitable in urban areas not only because of environment requirements but also to cater for the deep weathered formation. For heavier loads and larger diameters drilled shaft (up to 1.5 m), equipments have been developed to core suitable depths in underlying rock formations to form the pile socket (Ting et al. 2004). Hand dug caissons are sometimes used in steep terrain with limited space. 

Liew et al. (2004) describe the results of an instrumented drilled shaft at a site located at Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. The site is underlain by weathered meta-sedimentary soils of the Kenny Hill formation, which consists mainly of sandy clay and silty sand (Figure 6.9). 

Liew, S.S., Kwong Y.M. Gan S.J. 2004. Interpretation of instrumented bored piles in Kenney Hill Formation. Proceedings of Malaysia Geotechnical Conference. The Institution of Engineers Malaysia. Kuala Lumpur. 291-298. 

In terms of technology advancements, the hand-dug caisson has httle to offer. However, some innovative design and constructionmethods have been made possible with the help of this technique. Among them is the Menara Prudential Tower (Jalan Sultan Ismail, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia) where 4-m diameter caissons support the 20-storey tower on shaft friction in Kenny Hill Formation. 

The location site of the mosque is within the Kenny Hill Formation (quartzite and phyllite) of Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Inspection trenches excavated for examining the existing foundation and deep soil investigation boreholes revealed that the top 5 m was loose silty sand underlain by 3 m of medium dense sand. Below this were residual soils followed by weathered quartzite and phyllite of the Kenny Hill Formation. 

Ting, W.H. Nithiaraj, R. 1998. The stabilization of a slope in weathered formations in Malaysia by ground anchorages. Proc.lSth S.E. Asian Geotech. Conf, Taipei, Nov.16-20 1998, pre-print 1 44-55. 

Abdullah, M., Yew, C., Ramli, M. 2003. Formation, modeling and validation of trihalomethanes (THM) in Malaysian drinking water a case study in the districts of Tampin, Negeri Sembilan and Sabak Bemam, Selangor, Malaysia. Water Research 37 4637 644. 

Lateric surface formations are found in hot and wet tropical areas, seated in the equatorial regions of the world. Laterite soil is usually infertile. Examples of finding places are Brazil, Nigeria, Malaysia and Hawaii (Price, 1986). Lateric covers have mostly a thickness of a few metres but they can, occasionally, be much thicker. Laterite covers are often found on top of acidic rock (i.e. granites, granitic gneiss but also many sediments such as clays and sandstones), whereas the softer lateric soils are formed on rocks that are free of quartz (i.e. basalt, serpentinite and such) (Schellmann, 2007). 

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