Making a Graph

Different types of graphs may be drawn to illustrate the data 

The results of an experiment are often shown on a graph that displays the data that has been collected. Graphs can make known facts easier to understand and analyze. With a line graph, it is possible to estimate values for points that fall between those actually measured. This process is called interpolation. Graphs can also be used to estimate data points beyond the measured points through a process called extrapolation. 

The dependent variable is plotted on the vertical axis of a line graph, which is called the y-axis. The quantities displayed on this axis reflect the changes that take place or depend upon the way the experiment is performed. The independent variable is plotted on the horizontal axis of a graph, which is the x-axis. 

In this activity, you will collect data and draw a line graph. Be certain that your graph is neat and easy to read. Use a sharp pencil to establish points and draw a fine line. 

How can data be displayed on a graph How can this graph provide information beyond the initial data plotted  

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Make a graph of the pressure variation with depth without circulation in the drillpipe and annulus. 

Make a graph of potential energy versus angle of bond rotation for propane, and assign values to the energy maxima. 

Make a graph with an energy scale extending on the ordinate from zero to 3000 kcal/mole and with the abscissa marked at equal intervals with the labels Na, Mg, and Al. Now plot and connect with a solid line the first ionization energies, Ei, of these three elements (see Table 20-IV). Hot Et and connect with a dashed line, E with a dotted line, and Et with a solid line. Draw a... 

Make a graph of <7, // , and TS against a, and compare the values. E7.5 Use the Debye-Hiickel theory to calculate the activity at 298.15 K of CaCl2 in the following aqueous solutions ... 

Use the Debye-Hiickel theory to calculate 7 for 0.0050 m HC1 dissolved in each of these solvents and make a graph of ln7 against... 

We are asked to make a graph that compares the bond properties of F2 and H2. The bond energy is the lowest point on the interaction energy curve, representing the energy minimum for the pair of atoms. Energy in joules is plotted on the y-axis. The bond distance represents optimal separation of the nuclei. 

Graphing Data Make a graph of volume versus mass for each of the blocks. Be sure to label both axes with units and give your graph a title. 

On a sheet of graph paper, make a graph of time versus temperature for your after cooling data. You should have four points each for sand and water. This graph is called a cooling curve. Make sure you place the independent variable on the x-axis. 

In other words, if we subject a homogeneous solution of A- to an electrochemical potential E, then the amplitude of the EPR spectrum from this (possibly frozen) solution will be given by Equation 13.12. If we make samples for several different values of E, then their collective EPR amplitudes make a graph of /red versus E that will define the value of the unknown E°, the standard reduction potential (biochemists call this the midpoint potential) of the XieA/Xox couple. 

In order to test rate laws, a must be determined as a function of time using an appropriate experimental technique. If the reaction involves the loss of a volatile product as shown in Eq. (8.1), the extent of reaction can be followed by determining the mass loss either continuously or from sample weight at specific times. Other techniques are applicable to different types of reactions. After a has been determined at several reaction times, it is often instructive to make a graph of a versus time before the data are analyzed according to the rate laws. As will be shown later, one can often eliminate some rate laws from consideration because of the general shape of the a versus t curve. 

Run the program and make a graph by clicking Run on the graph window. 

Make a graph of Trial number versus Number of pennies remaining from the Decay Results data table. Draw a smooth curve through the plotted points. 

After the data collection is complete, make a graph by transferring the data to a computer using the directions from page v. 

Making and Using Graphs Make a graph of the data from each of the three trials. Plot time (s) on the x-axis and temperature (°C) on the y-axis. 

We at first try to make a graph (Fig. 7.1) to find the maximum melting rate () and the maximum porosity (). 

To make a graph from the spreadsheet in Figure 2-19d, go to the INSERT menu and select CHART. A window appears with a variety of options. The one you will almost always want is XY (Scatter). Highlight XY (Scatter) and several options appear. Select the one that shows data points connected by a smooth curve. Click Next to move to the next window. 

Step 3 Make a graph of corrected absorbance versus quantity of protein analyzed... 

Before using your calculator or computer to find the least-squares straight line, make a graph of your data. The graph gives you an opportunity to reject bad data or stimulus to repeat a measurement or to decide that a straight line is not an appropriate function. Examine your data for sensibility. 

Here is a least-squares problem that you can do by hand with a calculator. Find the slope and intercept and their standard deviations for the straight line drawn through the points (x.y) = (0,1), (2,2), and (3,3). Make a graph showing the three points and the line. Place error bars ( sv) on the points. 

Make a graph of absorbance versus microliters of Pb2+ added. Be sure to correct the absorbances for dilution. Corrected absorbance is what would be observed if the volume were not changed from its... 

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