Magnetism linear

Magnetic linear drives (Fig. 4.1-8e) are distinguished by their ease of operation and their small size. They are suitable for flow rates <10 1/h and pressures up to 500 bar with diaphragm pump heads (Fig. 4.1-9). 

Electronic spectroscopy (see Electronic Spectroscopy), in one form or another, has been the principal method used for the detection of short-lived intermediates. UV-visible absorption was the initial spectroscopic method used with flash photolysis and flow systems, and for each of these methods it remains the most commonly used approach. For species in low-temperature matrices, many varieties of electronic spectroscopy have been used. These include UV-visible absorption and emission, fluorescence, magnetic circular dichroism (MCD) and magnetic linear dichroism, and photoelectron spectroscopy. It is unfortunate, therefore, that in many cases electronic spectroscopy yields little or no stractnral information. The exceptions are high-resolution spectra, where vibrational or rotational flne structure may be seen. 

In the crystal structures of nitronyl nitroxide 27 and iminyl nitroxide 28 (Figure 6), magnetic linear chains along the r-axis have been observed when R is H. These solids exhibit strong antiferromagnetism. In contrast, Cl substitutions in both radicals result in a less favorable geometry for intermolecular spin interactions <1997JOC8854>. 

MLDAD Magnetic linear dichroism in the angular distribution of photoelectrons... 

Equally important is the sensitivity to spin ordering referred to as x-ray magnetic linear/circular dichroism [5]. 

SPECIFIC HEAT OF THREE MAGNETIC LINEAR-CHAIN ANTIFERROMAGNETS. 

Flexo- magnetic Linear flexo-magneto- electric Linear magneto- electric Piezo- Piezomagnetic electric ... 

If the point symmetry group of the lanthanide ion does not possess an inversion, the magnetization linear in an external electric field may be observed, and the dielectric susceptibility of the sample may be also radically affected by an external or internal magnetic field. Electric field effects on the EPR spectra of the lanthanide ions in insulators are well known (see, for example, Sakharov 1979, 1980), and here we shall consider only the alteration of the dielectric properties of the crystal due to the ordering in the lanthanide subsystem. Dielectric measurements are often used to plot the phase boundaries of the lanthanide magnets in the magnetic field. The eneigy of the lanthanide ion in the quasistatic electric field is presented in eq. (9). The effective even dipole moment of the ion can be written as follows... 

For all the magnetic linear response properties derived in Chapters 5 and 6 one would obtain expressions similar to the electronic-vibrational polarizability, Eq. (8.7). On the other hand, the diamagnetic contributions to the magnetic properties as well as all first-order properties, i.e. properties defined as first derivatives of the energy, will take the following simple expectation value form... 

At 4.2 K the absorption coefficient of relatively pure single crystals between 1.6 and 0.8 im is only slightly higher than at 300 K [8]. For studies at 4.2 K in a magnetic field in order to determine the magnetic circular dichroism and the magnetic linear dichroism, see p. 265. 

Magnetic Circular Dichroism (MCD), Magnetic Linear Dichroism (MLD), Magnetic Linear Birefringence (Cotton-Mouton effect)... 

The magnetic linear dichroism is the difference in the optical density for linearly polarized light beams parallel and perpendicular to H, AD=D -Dx. 

The magnetic linear dichroism at 7.2 kOe at 8.3 and 5.7 K has been measured on EuSe films on CaF2 by Ferre [2]. The following values of AD = Dy-Dx (in 10 ) as a function of the photon energy are read from a figure in the paper ... 

C.S.15 magnetic linear chain system, antiferromagnetic principal magnetic susceptibilities measured along ... 

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