Magnetic susceptibility, definition

A diamagnetic body such as a droplet of water has, by its very definition, negative magnetic susceptibility. In the presence of a magnetic field, a force acts on the body when the scale of the magnetic-field... 

The bronze solutions have the following characteristics (i) a bronze color with a definite metallic luster (2) very low densities (3) conductivities in the range of metals and (4) magnetic susceptibilities similar to those of pure metals. All of these properties are consistent with a model describing the solution as a dilute metai or an alloy in which the electrons behave essentially as in a metal, but the metal atoms have been moved apart (compared with the pure metal) by interspersed molecules of ammonia. 

There have been numerous magnetic susceptibility and NMR studies of carboxylates, particularly those systems containing bridging coordination. Such studies have revealed much information about the metal interactions, often with valuable support from ESR, electronic and mass spectrometry. Yet still these techniques cannot be said to yield, sufficiently frequently, definitive information about the mode of coordination without the support of diffraction studies. 

More than 30 years ago, Scott, Obenhaus, and Wilson (135) suggested that for lithium chloride, a solute to solvent ratio of 1 10 corresponded to a definite composition, and they quoted earlier measurements (134) as indicating two distinct, definite values for the magnetic susceptibility of lithium chloride above and below the concentration, corresponding to a decahydrate in solution. Likewise, anomalies were also found in the density of such solutions. Scott, Obenhaus, and Wilson also quoted Hiittig and Keller (83) who found that the densities, refractive indices, and coefficient of extinction of lithium halide solutions showed discontinuous changes with concentration for molar ratios of water to solute of 6, 30, and 75. 

This chapter is intended to recall the principles of magnetism, the definition of magnetic induction and of magnetic induction in a vacuum which is referred to as magnetic field. Readers may not recollect that the molar magnetic susceptibility is expressed in cubic meters per mol Some properties of electron and nuclear spins are reviewed and finally some basic concepts of the magnetic resonance experiments are refreshed. In summary, this chapter should introduce the readers into the language used by the authors. 

Note that all throughout our consideration we use the usual definition of % as the magnetic susceptibility of a unit volume of the disperse system. Therefore, to keep up with the meaning of the fluctuation-dissipation theorem, in formula (4.278) the total volume Vt of the system is introduced. In terms of the total number N of the magnetic particles V, = N/c = NV/< >. 

In all of this work there was little suggestion that the surface states of the palladium might behave differently from bulk states. Selwood (17) indicated that, from some sorption-magnetic susceptibility data for hydrogen sorbed on palladium which was finely dispersed on alumina gel, the ultimate sorption capacity was approximately at the ratio 2H/Pd. Trzebiatowsky and coworkers (25) deposited palladium on alumina gel in amounts ranging from 0.46 to 9.1% of gel weight. They found the palladium to be present in a normal crystal lattice structure, but its susceptibility was less than for the bulk metal. This suggested to the present authors that the first layer of palladium atoms laid down on the alumina gel underwent an interaction with the alumina, which has some of the properties of a semiconductor. Such behavior was definitely shown in this laboratory (22) in the studies on the sorption of NO by alumina gel. Much of this... 

When the equations of electromagnetic theory are written in this alternative irrational form, six other new quantities are defined in addition to e0(ir) and fi0iir) namely e(ir), n T D(ir), if(ir), xt iT) (the electric susceptibility), and x(ir) (the magnetic susceptibility). The definitions of other quantities remain unchanged. In each case we denote the new quantities by a superscript (ir) for irrational. The new quantities are defined in terms of the old quantities by the equations... 

Several aspects of aromaticity have been studied <2002JOC1333> using statistical analyses of quantitative definitions of aromaticity. ASEs, REs, magnetic susceptibility exaltation (A), nucleus-independent chemical shift (NIGS), the harmonic oscillator model of aromaticity (HOMA), (/j) and (Aj), evaluated for a set of 75 five-membered 7t-electron systems and a set of 30 ring-monosubstituted compounds (aromatic, nonaromatic, and antiaromatic systems) revealed statistically significant correlations between the various aromaticity criteria, provided the whole set of compounds is used. The data in Table 9 have been found for arsole (AsH) 1 (E = As, R = H), its anion (As ), and protonated species (AsH2 ). 

The atomic contribution to the magnetic susceptibility is obtained in analogy with the definition of (Q), by a basin contribution obtained by integration of /(r) over the basin of the atom. 

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