Macro algae marine

Dimethyl sulfide is derived primarily from the enzymatic hydrolysis of dimethylsulfoniopropionate(CH3)2S+CH2CH2COO DMSP),an osmoregulatory compound produced by a wide variety of marine phytoplankton [313,317]. Intracellular DMSP hydrolysis has been shown in phytoplankton [318], in macro algae [319], and also in bacteria following uptake of DMSP from seawater [320]. Reported seawater concentrations of dissolved dimethyl sulfide (< 0.1-90 nM) and DMSP (1 -1000 nM) vary with increasing depth, spatially from coastal areas to the open ocean, and also temporally from winter to summer [313-316]. 

Ohshiro T, Nakano S, Takahashi Y, Suzuki M, Izumi Y (1999) Occurrence of Bromoperoxidase in the Marine Green Macro-Alga, Ulvella lens, and Emission of Volatile Brominated Methane by the Enzyme. Phytochemistry 52 1211... 

Shimonishi M, Kuwamoto S, Inoue H, Wever R, Ohshiro T, Izumi Y, Tanabe T (1998) Cloning and Expression of the Gene for a Vanadium-Dependent Bromoperoxidase from a Marine Macro-alga, Corallina pilulifera. FEBS Lett 428 105... 

Ohshiro T, Hemrika W, Aibara T, Wever R, Izumi Y (2002) Expression of the Vanadium-Dependent Bromoperoxidase Gene from a Marine Macro-alga Corallina pilulifera in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Characterization of the Recombinant Enzyme. Phytochemistry 60 595... 

DM was first isolated as the chloride salt from a red marine alga Polysiphonia fastigiata (= P. lanosa) by Challenger and Simpson ( ). Subsequent studies showed that it was also present in the green marine algae Enteromorpha intestinalis (8.161 and Viva lactuca as well as numerous other macro algae (8.17.181. but concentrations were not reported. 

Van Alstyne, K.L. and Paul, V.J., The biogeography of polyphenolic compounds in marine macro algae temperate brown algal defenses deter feeding by tropical herbivorous fishes, Oecologia, 84, 158, 1990. 

Vanadium is also an essential element for some marine macro-algae, such as the brown seaweed F. spiralus and the green seaweed Entero-morpha compressa. The growth yield of these marine algae is enhanced considerably (26) when vanadate is added to the culture medium, which consists of artificial seawater. Some seaweeds contain vanadium. A study of 70 seaweeds from Japanese coastal waters yielded vanadium contents ranging from 0.3 to 10.6 ppm on the basis of dry weight (27). 

Marine plants cover a wide spectrum of plant families and algae. Intertidal algae, macro-algae, and sea grasses are of particular interest during oil spills. 

Depending on the individual species, a range of between 1 and 180 mg As kg (dry weight) was determined in various marine macro algae (Stoeppler 1994, Matschullat 2000). In edible Porphyria species (predominantly used in Chinese nutrition), arsenic levels ranging from 2.1 to... 

S.H.B. Jayakumar, R. Saravanane, T. Snndararajan. Biodeterioration of coastal concrete structures by macro algae Ulva fasciata. Journal of Marine Science and Technology, Vol. 19, No. 2, pp. 154-161, 2011. 

Marine organisms have provided the source of a number of unusual diterpenoid skeleta. Obtusadiol (115) is a bromo-diterpenoid which has been obtained from the red alga Laurencia obtusa. Its structure followed from chemical degradation including a facile ring contraction of the bromohydrin. A group of prenylated caryophyllenes , xeniaphyllenol (116), its 4,5-epoxide, and an enol-ether related to xenicin, ° xeniculin (117), have been found in Xenia macro-... 

A more detailed classification of fungi was described by Ainsworth [14]. Whether the Myxomycota are closely related to Eumycota is doubtful. Possibly they are more closely related to Protozoa [15]. The best known aquatic representative of the Myxomycota is Labyrinthula (Hydromycetes), species of which are parasitic on marine algae and angiosperms. L. macro-cystis is a destructive parasite of sea grass, Zostera marina. Some aquatic... 

Quite original is the attempt to obtain porous materials, for example, from crystalline calcium carbonate (aragonite) similar to the natural material chalk of a certain porosity [192]. Another attempt was made to synthesize macro-porous aragonite with a structure similar to the cocco-spheres of certain marine algae [295]. For this purpose, oil-water-surfactant microemulsions supersaturated with calcium bicarbonate were obtained. The pore size was determined by the water and oil concentration ratio. Microemulsions were applied on the substrate of micrometersized polystyrene beads. Hollow spherical shells of finished structure were produced as a result of a rapid mineralisation. The authors suggest that such materials could gain widespread use in materitils chemistry. 

Macro marine algae Jania rubens) 50.25 Aytas et al. (2011)... 

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