Enteromorpha intestinalis

Dummermuth A, Karsten U, Fisch K, Konig G, Wiencke C (2003) Responses of marine macroalgae to hydrogen-peroxide stress. J Exp Mar Biol Ecol 289 103-121 Edwards DM, Reed RH, Chudek JA, Foster R, Stewart WDP (1987) Organic solute accumulation in osmotically-stressed Enteromorpha intestinalis. Mar Biol 95 583-592 Edwards DM, Reed RH, Stewart WDP (1988) Osmoacclimation in Enteromorpha intestinalis. ... 

Alga, Enteromorpha intestinalis] whole Oyster, Crassostrea madrasensis soft parts Crustaceans, whole Fishes, muscle Israel Acre Valley 1988-91 Molluscs soft parts Bivalves Gastropods... 

DM was first isolated as the chloride salt from a red marine alga Polysiphonia fastigiata (= P. lanosa) by Challenger and Simpson ( ). Subsequent studies showed that it was also present in the green marine algae Enteromorpha intestinalis (8.161 and Viva lactuca as well as numerous other macro algae (8.17.181. but concentrations were not reported. 

O Enteromorpha intestinalis Gracilaria verrucosa A Fucus vesiculosus... 

Cohen, R. A., and Fong, P. (2004b). Nitrogen uptake and assimilation in Enteromorpha intestinalis (L.) Link (Chlorophyta) Using N to determine preference during simultaneous pulses of nitrate and ammonium. J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. 309, 67—77. 

Cummins, S. P., Roberts, D. E., and Zimmerman, K. D. (2004). Effects of the green macroalga Enteromorpha intestinalis on macrobenthic and seagrass assemblages in a shallow coastal estuary. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 266, 77—87. 

Pong, P., Boyer, K. E., and Zedler, J. B. (1998). Developing an indicator of nutrient enrichment in coastal estuaries and lagoons using tissue nitrogen content of the opportunistic alga, Enteromorpha intestinalis (L. Link). J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. 231, 63-79. 

Fong, P., Fong, J., and Fong, C. (2003b). Growth, nutrient storage, and release of DON by Enteromorpha intestinalis in response to pulses of nitrogen and phosporus. Aquat. Bot. 78, 83—95. 

Kamer, K., Fong, P., Kennison, R. L., and Schiff, K. (2004a). Nutrient limitation of the macroalga, Enteromorpha intestinalis collected along a resource gradient in a highly eutrophic estuary. Estuaries 27, 201-208. 

Ritchie, R. J., andLarkum, A. W. D. (1985a). Potassium transport in Enteromorpha intestinalis (L.) Link. 

Back, S., Lehvo, A., Blomster, J., 2000. Mass occurrence of unattached Enteromorpha intestinalis on the Finnish Baltic Sea coast. Annales Botanic Fennici, 37, 155-161. 

Communesins A (70) and B (71) were originally isolated from the mycelia of a strain of Penicillium sp. adhering to the marine alga, Enteromorpha intestinalis, and reported to exhibit cytotoxic activity in the P-388 lymphocytic leukemia test system in cell cultures [49], The ED50 values for 70 and 71 are reported to be 3.5 and 0.45 pg/ml, respectively, in the test system. 

Alaria marginata Ascophyllum nodosum Ceramium boydenii Ceramium kondoi Codium fragile Ecklonia maxima Esenia bicyclis Enteromorpha sp. Enteromorpha intestinalis... 

Four new metabolites [penostatins A-D (44-47)] from the mycelium of a Penicillium originally separated from the common temperate green alga Enteromorpha intestinalis and cultured in distilled water medium, were identified by spectral analysis [83]. It is noteworthy that a culture of the same fungal strain in different conditions led to the isolation of alkaloids such as communesins (129-130) and penochalasins (131-133) [84,85]. 

Two new alkaloids, communesins A (129 an amorphous powder) and B (130 an amorphous powder) were isolated from the mycelium of a strain of Penicillium sp. (Trichocomacae) collected in Japan on the marine green alga Enteromorpha intestinalis. Their relative structure was elucidated by spectroscopic analysis [84]. 

Communesin A (15) and B (16) were first isolated from a strain of Penicillium sp. found growing on the marine alga Enteromorpha intestinalis in 1993 by Numata and coworkers [26]. Subsequently, six other members (communesin C, D, E, F (17), G, H) were identified (Fig. 2). All communesins show potent cytotoxicity against P-388 lymphocytic leukemia cells, among which communesin B is the most biologically active [27]. 

Schild, R., Donkin, P., Cotsifis, P. A. and Donkin, M. E. (1993) A quantitative structure-activity relationship for the effects of alcohols on neutral red retention by the marine macroalga Enteromorpha intestinalis. Chemosphere, 27, 1777-88. 

Some of the volatile odorous components of algae, such as dimethyl sulfide, are unpleasant and are mainly distributed in Chlorophyta and also in some Rhodophyta [112]. Dimethyl sulfide and acrylic acid have resulted from the enzymatic cleavage products of dimethyl-jS-propiothetin (dimethyl-2-carboxyethylsulfonium hydroxide), from Enteromorpha intestinalis and Acrosiphonia centralis [113], which is a metabolite of methionine [45] released into the sea water [112]. 

Isol. from green and red algae, e.g. Enteromorpha intestinalis, Ulva lactuca. Also (romSpartina anglica. 

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