Machine-read

For continuously rated machines, readings should be taken at intervals of one hour or less. For non-continuously rated machines, readings should be taken at intervals consistent with the time rating of the machine. The temperature rise test should continue until there is a variation of 1°C or less between the two consecutive measurements of temperature. 

Multiple options for data input, the most important of which are machine read and thus obviate the bottleneck that often occurs in data entry. The two main options are Optical Mark Read (bubble) forms, and Smart-Pen , a special pen with an optical sensor that records each keystroke (Fig. 23.2). Both utilize paper case report forms, for which sites have indicated a strong preference over the requirement to enter data on a keyboard. 

A major complaint of clinical sites is the difficulty and time required for data entry (when they have to enter the data through a keyboard) and the effort required to resolve queries, which are often returned weeks or even months after a patient visit. Machine-read data, whether collected by optical mark read or SmartPen , ensure that data are both entered and validated, with queries returned, in a matter of minutes after they are recorded. Coupled with a quick feedback loop, this system ensures that query rates are typically about one-tenth those for web-based EDC systems and even lower for paper-and-hand entry systems. This system also highlights recurring problems and areas of potential improvement that may impair study timeliness and quality. 

J.4.1.1 When the balancing machine readings indicate that the rotor has been balanced to within the specified tolerance, a residual unbalance check shall be performed before the rotor is removed from the balancing machine. 

Automation introduces its own set of challenges. Dispensing accuracy can be increased by using a series of aufomafed sfeps, such as machine-read-able coding (bar codes). Aufomafion can inf reduce redundancies in a system, which exceed human ability to be accurate. However, blind acceptance of medications provided through automated systems violates a basic safety step. Medications ordered, dispensed, and administered through automated systems still require safety steps to assure that the process is intact and that the medication is correct. 

A second absorbance reading measures the variation in absorbance due to the reaction itself. This basic scheme may vary and thus with more sophisticated machines readings are taken more frequently, for example every 12s. Thus the reaction curve may be established and the initial reaction rate measured which, under precise analytical conditions, may be proportional to the concentration of the compound being measured. 

FIGURE 40.2 Plot of baseline QT versus heart rate. Two methods of QT interval measurement are presented—the manual read and machine read. QT interval is clearly depended on the heart rate. Also, machine read QT interval is longer than manual read QT interval. 

When quantities of the label are requisitioned against the packaging documentation, (based on the packaging specification) they should first be visually identified, counted and code checked (preferably by machine reading) and then signed off by the authorised store issuer. The materials are then securely held away from the packaging line area, awaiting use. 

The amount of specific antibody in each serum has been titrated over a dilution range. The serum containing the most antibodies will have a higher dilution end point (dilution where the OD is the same as the background OD). Thus, as already indicated, the end points may be compared as representing the titer of the sera. This can be assessed by eye as well as by machine reading. 

Garfield founder of ISI (Institute for Scientific Information), who was employed on the Index Medicus machine-reading project at the Welch Library. There was the proliferation of the paper record. Europeans were coming in, for example Eric Proskauer, the co-founder of Interscience. Thackray cited a remark of Proskauer s from 1986 Ostwald would have said that what you need is a textbook to teach the science. You need a journal to publish new developments, [and] you need an encyclopedia as a crowning collection of all the facts. ... 

Another identical machine had controls at the left. The rotary knob on the machine read the same as the one on the other machine. A clockwise rotation would mean the table moves down for most people. Counterclockwise would mean the table moves up. On this second machine, the rotation of the control knob was more compatible with the expected up-and-down movement of the table. 

Fig. 1 Cross- sectior through a washing machine Reading Readinfj diatjmms...

The Monroe Division of Litton Industries, which made cash registers and mechanical calculators, identified a potential application in the point of sales field. They had developed magnetic coatings that could be machine-read, and wanted to generate man-readable information over this. They requested a thin paper coating with a photosensitive layer that could be laminated over a magnetically active coating. Efforts were made to supply this, and a sandwich structure was fabricated which fulfilled their requirements a successful test was conducted in a Louisville, KY Sears Department store. 

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