M phase of cell cycle

Table 8. Effects of resveratrol on apoptosis Go/Gl, S aad G2/M phase of cell cycle in LLC cells1...

M-phase of cell cycle 579 Macrodipole of helix 70 Macroglobulin(s) (IgM) 58, 629... 

Inhibit polymerization of tubulin, which is necessary for the formation of mitotic spindles for mitosis. Cell cycle specific for M phase of cell cycle. 

Evodiamine Up-regulation of Bax and p53, down-regulation of Bcl-2, A ni dissipation, activation of caspase-3, arrest in G2/M phase of cell cycle. Human Colorectal Carcinoma cells COLO-205 Alkaloid isolated from Chinese hetbal medicine Evodia rutaecarpa with antioxidant, antiinflammatory activities reported. [132]... 

This suggests that cyclin A2 is not essential for the early embryonic cell cycles. Also D-type cyclins seem to be dispensable for the early mouse embryo cell cycle progression since embryonic stem (ES) cells do not express them at all before differentiation (Savatier et al 1996). We do not know, however, whether the D-type cyclins are also absent in the early embryo. These observations suggest that not only could the first cell cycles of the mouse embryo have specific modifications, but also further embryonic cell cycles are specifically modified as well. Mammalian embryonic cell cycles are probably modified often during development. Such studies could allow us to determine a profile of a minimal cell cycle in mammals which must, however, be much more complex than a simple S M phase embryonic cell cycle of amphibians or insects. 

Yamamoto M, Marui N, Sasaki T et al. (1993) ADP-ribosylation of the rho A gene product by C3 exoenzyme causes Swiss 3T3 cells to accumulate in the G1 phase of cell cycle. Oncogene 8 1449-1455. 

The hyper-proliferation of tumor is a highly regulated process that progresses like normal cells through the four phases of cell cycle - Gl, S, G2, and M - which are controlled by cell cycle regulatory proteins. These include cyclins (cyclin A, B, Ds, or E), cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK CDKl, 2, 4, or 6), and associated CDK inhibitors (CKI) such as p27 p53, and phosphorylated retino-... 

The phenanthroindolizidine alkaloid (-)-antofine (95) exhibits high cytotoxicity to drug-sensitive and multidrug-resistant cancer cells by arresting the G2/M phase of the cell cycle. In the first asymmetric total synthesis of (-)-95, the late-stage construction of pyrrolidine 94 for the final Pictet-Spengler cyclo-methylenation to 95 was performed by RCM and subsequent hydrogenation (Scheme 18) [67]. 

Othet cyclins and CDKs are involved in different aspects of cell cycle progression (Table 36-7). Cychn E and CDK2 form a complex in late Gl. Cychn E is tapidly degraded, and the released CDK2 then fotms a complex with cyclin A. This sequence is necessaty fot the initiation of DNA synthesis in S phase. A complex between cychn B and CDKl is tate-hmiting fot the G2/M transition in eukatyotic cells. 

One of the classical fundamental problems in cell cycle control is the alternation problem , i. e. why does S phase always follow M phase, and M phase follow S phase (sometimes separated by intervening gap periods). In considering this problem, it is evident that meiosis is a special situation in that the two consecutive M phases of MI and II occur sequentially without an intervening S phase (Fig. 1). Analysis of... 

Jowett, J.B., Planelles, V., Poon, B., Shah, N.P., Chen, M.L. and Chen, I.S. (1995) The human immunodeficiency virus type 1 vpr gene arrests infected T cells in the Gj/M phase of the cell cycle. Journal of Virology 69, 6304-6313. 

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