Lymph fluid, presence

Several theories have been advanced to explain the mechanism of dentinal hypersensitivity innervation of the dentinal tubules, permitting transmission of impulses to the pulp, or the presence of lymph fluid in the dentinal tubules. In the latter case, exposure of dentin results in increased colloidal pressure on the tubules (thereby increasing pressure on the odontoblastic cells). Also proposed is a hydrodynamic... 

Dunphy (1949) observed in several cases of EHL a severe form of nonspecific keratitis (occasionally accompanying lipemia retinalis) with yellowish discoloration and opalescense of distinctly outlined corneal areas and proposed the term keratide interstitielle lipidique . Examination of his cases with the aid of a slit lamp showed small areas with fine granular radial streaks. Refractive properties suggested the presence of cholesterol crystals in these lesions. The cause of this condition is unknown. It is possible that transudation of lipemic lymph fluid into canals of the cornea is responsible. 

When disturbed or molested, these insects release small droplets of hemo-lymph from the tibio-femoral joints of their legs, and it is now well established that the deterrency exhibited by many species of coccinellids towards potential predators results from the presence of repellent and bitter alkaloids in that fluid [ 12,13]. In ladybirds, this unpalatability is associated with a bright aposematic coloration and a characteristic smell due to 3-alkyl-2-methoxypyrazines [14, 15]. The beetles use these molecules not only to reinforce the visual alerting signal on an olfactory level, but also as aggregation pheromones [16]. 

This multifactorial weakness in defence allows bacterial penetration of the ascitic fluid to be effected by (1.) transmural migration in portal hypertension with greater permeability of the intestinal wall, (2.) systemic bacteraemia in terms of haematogenic dispersion (particularly in urinary tract and bronchopulmonary infections), above all in the presence of intrahepatic and extrahepatic shunts (so-called portal vein bacteraemia), (3.) invasion of bacteria via the Fallopian tubes, and (4.) lymphatic flow into the ascitic fluid (e.g. via leaks in the lymph vessels or lymph nodes). 

Prompted by ready-to-hand observations of violent reactions occurring when mineral acids combined with alkaline substances, Sylvius began to think that not only chemical processes could be explained by acid/alkali reactions, but that also diseases themselves resulted from the acidic and alkaline natures of specific bodily fluids (for example, lymph, saliva, pancreatic juice, and bile). The turbulence and strife between acids and alkalis in the body was detectable, he argued, by the presence of effervescence. Because diseases were caused by an overabundance of acidity and alkalinity. 

In a case-control study of 11 adults with histologically proven CD and 20 healthy subjects (Table 9.2), Rettenbacher et al. (1999) found that the controls were negative, whereas the cases showed an increase in intraluminal fluid content, the presence of moderate small bowel dilatation, increased peristalsis and moderate bowel wall thickness. Further extra-intestinal signs, such as mesenteric lymph node enlargement, free abdominal fluid, a dilated superior mesenteric artery or portal vein, and hepatic steatosis, were also identified with overall frequencies of 52-84% (Rettenbacher et al. 1999). 

Overall, increased gallbladder volume, abdominal free fluid and mesenteric lymph node enlargement reliably and accuratelypredict CD, whereas the lack of intestinal dilatation and increased peristalsis makes it possible to rule out the diagnosis. The specificity of US was 99% in the presence of all six signs, with an obvious decrease in sensitivity (33%) moreover, an LR+ value of 50 allowed a confirmatory strategy and... 

The site of origin of hyaluronic acid in the body is unknown. The presence of hyaluronate in ocular fluids and its absence from serum have been cited as evidence that it represents a secretion rather than a dialyzate (270). Meyer (264) has pointed out that the concept of synovial fluid as a dialyzate to which the mucin is added during passage through the connective tissue does not seem probable since, if such a mechanism exists, pleura and peritoneal fluid and lymph should likewise contain the mucin, which has not been shown to be the case. The fact that a viscous fluid appears in cultures of synovial tissue (426) was cited by him as evidence that hyaluronate is a secretory product of some cells of the synovial lining. This seems to be borne out by the fact that hyaluronic acid has been isolated from a synovioma, not only at the site of the tumor but in metastases in the liver (264). 

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