Radial streaks

FIGURE 8.24. A view of (a) potash alum (transparent) growing on a single crystal of isomorphous chrome alum (purple interior). Diffraction photographs of (b) potash alum and (c) chrome alum. The radial streaks are from white radiation and can be ignored. Note some differences in intensity. The arrows indicate two differences that are visible to the naked eye. (Photographs courtesy Maria Flocco and Henry Katz.)... 

Fig. 9-11 Transmission pinhole pattern of cold-drawn aluminum wire, wire axis vertical. Filtered copper radiation. (The radial streaks near the center are formed by the white radiation in the incident beam.)...

Figure Al-15 shows an example of this phenomenon, often called thermal asterism because of the radial direction of the diffuse streaks. This photograph was obtained from aluminum at 280°C in 5 minutes. Actually, thermal agitation is quite pronounced in aluminum even at room temperature, and thermal asterism is usually evident in overexposed room-temperature photographs. Even in Fig. 3-6(a), which was given a normal exposure of about 15 minutes, radial streaks are...

Figure 7.9 The effect of a large mosaic spread is to produce a radial streaking of the spots in a Laue pattern, (a) geometric construction the wavelength labels indicate which Ewald sphere is appropriate. The actual radius of each Ewald sphere is the reciprocal of the label shown (e.g. 1/AO (b) Laue pattern from a sample with pronounced mosaic spread after prolonged irradiation.

Dunphy (1949) observed in several cases of EHL a severe form of nonspecific keratitis (occasionally accompanying lipemia retinalis) with yellowish discoloration and opalescense of distinctly outlined corneal areas and proposed the term keratide interstitielle lipidique . Examination of his cases with the aid of a slit lamp showed small areas with fine granular radial streaks. Refractive properties suggested the presence of cholesterol crystals in these lesions. The cause of this condition is unknown. It is possible that transudation of lipemic lymph fluid into canals of the cornea is responsible. 

Motivation and Principle. Broadened reflections are characteristic for soft matter. The reason for such broadening is predominantly both the short range of order among the particles in the structural entities, and imperfect orientation of the entities themselves. A powerful method for the separation of these two contributions is Ruland s streak method [30-34], Short range of order makes that the reflection is considerably extended in the radial direction of reciprocal space - often it develops the shape of a streak. This makes it practically possible to measure reflection breadths separately on several11 nested shells in reciprocal space. As a function of shell diameter one of the contributions is constant, whereas the other is changing12. If the measurement is performed on spheres (azimuthal), the orientation component is constant. 

History. Wilke [129] considers the case that different orders of a reflection are observed and that the orientation distribution can be analytically described by a Gaussian on the orientation sphere. He shows how the apparent increase of the integral breadth with the order of the reflection can be used to separate misorientation effects from size effects. Ruland [30-34] generalizes this concept. He considers various analytical orientation distribution functions [9,84,124] and deduces that the method can be used if only a single reflection is sufficiently extended in radial direction, as is frequently the case with the streak-shaped reflections of the anisotropic... 

Booster was used to initiate the expl at one end. The radial motion of the cylinder wall was measured in a plane perpendicular to the cylinder axis 7 inches from the booster end, A streak camera recorded the motion, using conventional shadowgraph technique (See under CAMERAS, HIGH-SPEED PHOTOGRAPHIC in Vol 2 of Encycl, p CI3-L). In addn, the deton velocity of the expl was measured by placing pin switches 9-i° apart on the surface of the cylinder, as described, for example, by Cook (Ref 2, p 29). The streak camera record was read on a precision comparator which punched out the data directly on IBM cards. A computer code con-... 

The average radial velocity, at each radius studied, increased directly with rotational speed of the turbine. These velocities were in the range of 0.4-0.8 ft./sec. for comparison, values of impeller tip speed varied from 1.7-3.5 ft./sec. Also, for a fixed impeller speed, the average radial velocity increased somewhat with radial distance from the impeller to a maximum about 1.5 in. from the tank wall. This implies a vertical inflow to the region examined such an effect was confirmed by the light-streak measurements, which showed vertical components of roughly the correct size to account for this behavior. (This inflow was estimated to... 

Figure 1.14. The very petri dish that sparked the discovery of penicillin. The white blob at the bottom is a colony of Penicillium notatum contaminating a plate streaked with Staphylococcus aureus (small, circular colonies). The penicillin diffusing from the fungus radially into the agar has killed off the bacterial colonies in its vicinity.

Experimental method to measure the effectiveness of an explosive. The radial expansion on detonation of a metallic cylinder (usually copper) filled with a high explosive is observed. A streak camera or a laser method might be used. The detonation velocity is determined simultaneously, using for example time-of-arrival pins. The -> Equation of State (EOS) which is often the Jones-Wilkins-Lee (JWL) EOS of the detonation products is derived using Gurney theory. 

Polymer drag reduction is also associated with the following turbulence observations The frequency of turbulent eddy bursts decreases as drag reduction increases the spacing between nondimensionalized fluid streaks increases as drag reduction increases high-frequency components of turbulent velocity fluctuations are attenuated while low-frequency ones are enhanced axial turbulence intensity maxima shift away from the wall radial and tangential turbulence intensities are reduced, turbulent shear stresses (Reynolds stresses) are reduced and so on. 

Dawsonite [Named after the Canadian geologist John William Dawson (1820-1899), principal of McGill University, Montreal, Canada] (ICSD 100140 and PDF 42-1346) NaAl(C03)(OH), M= 144.00 15.97 wt.% Na 8.34 wt.% C 18.74 wt.% Al 1.40 wt.%H 55.56 wt.%0 Orthorhombic a = 673 pm bs 1036 pm c 558 pm P.G. 2/m2/m2/m S.G. Imam (Z= 4) Barentsite type Biaxial (-) a= 1.462 P= 1.542 Y= 1-596 5=0.130 27=76.75" Dispersion weak <3 2420 (2434) Habit thin encrustations, bladed, needle-hke or radial crystals. Color colorless to white. Diaphaneity transparent. Luster vitreous to silky. Fracture uneven. Cleavage [110] Perfect. Streak colorless. Other fluorescent under short-wavelength UV with dull white. Occurrence low-temperature hydrothermal mineral. 

Wurtzite (sytL, radial blende, HT ZnS) [Named after the Frendi diemist, Ch.A. Wurtzej (ICSD 67453 and PDF 36-1450) ZnS Ms 97.456 67.10 wt.% Zn 32.90 wt.% S Traces Fe (Sulfides and sulfosalts) Coordinence Zn(4) Hexagonal a = 382.30 pm c = 625.65 pm B4,hP4(Z=2) S.G. P6,mc P.G. 6mm Wurtzite type Uniaxial (-b) e= 2.356 2.378 S= 0.022 R = 17.4% 3.5-4 4030 Habit pyramidal, radial, tabular, coUoform. Color orange red, light brown or dark brown. Luster resinous. Luster adamantine, resinous. Streak brown yellow. Geav e 1010, 0001. Fracture unevea CondioidaL Chemical attacked by strong mineral acids, such as HG, or HNO, with evolution of H S and yeUow precipitate of sulfur. Infusible. 

Radial-groove bearings seal themselves against loss of oil. At high slider speed however streaks of oil are continuously separated from the full oil nim. The mechanism of this fenomenon is explained and it is shown how this fenomenon can be calculated. For this purpose the film gap height has been taken in the form of a constant plus a sinus. 

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