Lungs toxicity

Newer bleomycins such as peplomycin and especially liblomycin, are more resistant to bleomycin hydrolase. This results in less lung toxicity but more bone marrow toxicity, and allows for a different spectmm of antitumor action. Bleomycin is inactive orally it is given intravenously, intramuscularly, subcutaneously, or directiy into a cavity such as the pleural cavity. The majority of dmg is excreted unchanged in the urine. 

K. Mizutani, T. Electronic and structural requirements for metabolic activation of butylated hydroxytoluene analogs to their quinone methides, intermediates responsible for lung toxicity in mice. Biol. Pharm. Bull. 1997, 20, 571-573. (c) McCracken, P. G. Bolton, J. L. Thatcher, G. R. J. Covalent modification of proteins and peptides by the quinone methide from 2-rm-butyl-4,6-dimethylphenol selectivity and reactivity with respect to competitive hydration. J. Org. Chem. 1997, 62, 1820-1825. (d) Reed, M. Thompson, D. C. Immunochemical visualization and identification of rat liver proteins adducted by 2,6-di- m-butyl-4-methylphenol (BHT). Chem. Res. Toxicol. 1997, 10, 1109-1117. (e) Lewis, M. A. Yoerg, D. G. Bolton, J. L. Thompson, J. Alkylation of 2 -deoxynucleosides and DNA by quinone methides derived from 2,6-di- m-butyl-4-methylphenol. Chem. Res. Toxicol. 1996, 9, 1368-1374. 

Kupfer, R. Dwyer-Nield, L. D. Malkinson, A. M. Thompson, J. A. Lung toxicity and tumor promotion by hydroxylated derivatives of 2,6-di-rm-butyl-4-methylphenol (BHT) and 2-A/7-bu lyl-4-methy 1-6-iso-propyl phenol correlation with quinone methide reactivity. Chem. Res. Toxicol. 2002, 15, 1106-1112. 

Muller, J. et al. (2008) Structural defects play a major role in the acute lung toxicity of multiwall carbon nanotubes toxicological aspects. Chemical Research in Toxicology, 21 (9), 1698-1705. 

Warheit, D.B., B.R. Laurence, K.L. Reed, D.H. Roach, G.A. Reynolds, T.R. Webb, Lung toxicity bioassay study in rats with single-wall carbon nanotubes. Proceedings of the ACS Symposium Series, 890 (Nanotechnology and the Environment), 2005, pp. 67-90. 

Ilett, K.F., B. Stripp, R.H. Menard, W.D. Reid, and J.R. Gillette. 1974. Studies on the mechanism of the lung toxicity of paraquat comparison of tissue distribution and some biochemical parameters in rats and rabbits. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 28 216-226. 

Based on observations in JP-8 inhalation studies, the protective role of SP in dermal toxicity was recently examined. As mentioned earlier, inhalation exposure to JP-8 and SP resulted in protection from of lung toxicity and restoration of immune function [24,25,26], Similarily, co-administration of substance P (SP) with JP-8 also decreased toxicity in human epidermal keratinocytes[27]. This suggests that a common... 

Huaux, F. et al., Lung Toxicity of Hard Metal Particles and Production of Interleukin-1, Tumor Necrosis Factor-a, Fibronectin, and Cystatin-c by Lung Phagocytes, Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol., 132, 53, 1995. 

In rats, the administration of fullerene by inhalation, as nano- and microparticles generated by aerosol, does not lead to lesions and only a little increase of protein concentration in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid was obtained (Baker et al., 2007). Recently, Sayes et al. (2007) analyzed in vivo pulmonary toxicity of C60 and C60(OH)24, after intratracheal instillation in rats. They verified only transient inflammatory and cell injury effects, 1 day postexposure, without differences from water-instilled controls. No adverse lung tissue effects were measured, and the results demonstrated little or no differences in lung toxicity effects between the C60 and fiillerols, compared to controls. 

Dunnick JK, Elwell MR, Benson JM, et al. 1989. Lung toxicity after 13-week inhalation exposure to nickel oxide, nickel subsulfide, or nickel sulfate in F344/N rats and B6C3F1 mice. Fundam Appl Toxicol 12 584-594. 

A potentially fatal lung toxicity occurs in 10 to 20% of patients receiving bleomycin. Patients particularly at risk are those who are over 70 years of age and have had radiation therapy to the chest. Rarely, bleomycin also may cause allergic pneumonitis. Bleomycin skin toxicity is manifested by hyperpigmentation, erythematosus rashes, and thickening of the skin over the dorsum of the hands and at dermal pressure points, such as the elbows. Many patients develop a low-grade transient fever within 24 hours of receiving bleomycin. Less common adverse effects include mucositis, alopecia, headache, nausea, and arteritis of the distal extremities. 

Many papers from the patent literature on pyrethroids and juvenile hormones cannot be included in this Report. Papers have reported the synthesis and activity of monoterpenoid juvenoids, including geranyl pyridyl ethers " and geranyl alkyl ethers and amines and their epoxides. Further papers in this section include a report of the potent lung toxicity of perillaketone, the observation that the malodorous water contaminant 2-methylisoborneol has the l-R-exo configuration, and that fenchyl methyl L-aspartylaminomalonate is 2 x 10" times sweeter than sucrose. ... 

Gemtuzumab [Mylotarg] Acute myeloid leukemia Hemorrhage liver toxicity infection joint pain lung toxicity Gl distress [nausea, vomiting, diarrhea] others... 

Erlotinib Nonsmall cell lung cancer carcinoma of the pancreas Gl distress (nausea, diarrhea) rash lung toxicity... 

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