Lung deposition nebulizer

To measure lung deposition by imaging, the aerosol must be first labelled or tagged with a suitable radionuclide. Radiolabelling techniques have been developed for current inhalation products including nebulizers, propellant-driven metered dose inhalers, and dry powder inhalers. 

Salbutamol Comparison of lung deposition and hronchodilator response between MDI, DPI, and nebulizer 17... 

Pinlay, W.H. Stapleton, W.K. Zuberbuhler, P. Variations in predicted regional lung deposition of salbutamol sulphate between 19 nebulizer types. J. Aerosol Med. 1998, 11 (2), 65-80. 

Sangwan, S. Condos, R. Smaldone, G. Lung deposition and respirable mass during wet nebulization. J. Aerosol Med. 2003, 16, 379-386. 

Hardy, J.G. Newman, S.P. Knoch, M. Lung deposition from four nebulizers. Respir. Med. 1993, 87, 461-465. 

Coates AL, Dinh L, MacNeish CF, RoUin T, Gagnon S, Ho SL, Lands LC. Accounting for radioactivity before and after nebulization of tobramycin to insure accuracy of quantification of lung deposition. J Aerosol Med 2000 13(3) 169-78. 

A wide variety of nebulizers are now available. They all have their own physicochemical properties. In the absence of the ability to quantitate lung deposition, most modem labels specify the combination of a new dmg with particular nebulizer device (the labeling for alpha-domase was the first to exhibit this change in regulatory policy). The corollary is that product development plans should decide, as early as possible, which nebulizer is intended for the marketplace, and that device should be used in all inhalational toxicology studies and subsequent clinical trials. 

Finlay WH, Stapleton KW, Zuberbuhler P. Errors in regional lung deposition predictions of nebulized salbutamol sulphate due to neglect or partial inclusion of hygroscopic effects. Int J Pharm 1997 149 63-72. 

So far, Pulmozyme is the first pulmonary drug based on a protein. It contains rhDNase, an enzyme active in the treatment of cystic fibrosis. This, however, is a locally active drug, which does not require absorption but only sufficient deep lung deposition. The water-based solution is aerosolized by a large nebulizer with application phases of 15 to 30 min, which strongly restricts the use of the drug. In general, development of handy carry-on nebulizers is of utmost importance for... 

Wildhaber JH, Dore ND, Wilson JM, Devadason SG, LeSouef PN. Inhalation therapy in asthma nebulizer or pressurized metered-dose inhaler with holding chamber In vivo comparison of lung deposition in children. J Pediatr 1999 135 28-33. 

Clay and Clarke (209) compared administration of technetium in 0.9% saline using three different nebulizers, one with a particle size of 1.8, the other with one of 4.6, and the third with 10.3 pm. Lung deposition were 79, 59, and 44%, of the aerosol released from the nebulizer and deposited in the body, respectively. Methodological errors might have been introduced in that the radioaerosol released from the nebulizer was determined using weight measurements before and after inhalation. 

Dahlstrom K, Larsson P. Lung deposition and systemic availability of budesonide inhaled as nebulized suspension from different nebulizers (abstr). Am JRespir Crit Care Med 1996 153 A339. 

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