Lubricants characteristics

Caterpillar IG2 the lubricant characteristics determined are ring sticking, ring and cylinder wear, and accumulation deposits under more severe test conditions than those for Caterpillar 1H2. 

Titanium Carbonitride. Ti(C,N) is a solid solution of TiC and TiN and combines the properties of both materials. It offers excellent protection against abrasive wear and has good lubricating characteristics. It is used to coat tools and dies for the processing of ceramics, graphite, and filled plastics. 

TFL is essentially a transition lubrication regime between EHL and boundary lubrication. A new postulation based on the ordered model and ensemble average (rather than bulk average) was put forward to describe viscosity in the nanoscale gap. In TFL, EHL theories cannot be applied because of the large discrepancies between theoretical outcomes and experimental data. The effective viscosity model can be applied efficiently to such a condition. In thin him lubrication, the relation between Him thickness and velocity or viscosity accords no longer with an exponential one. The studies presented in this chapter show that it is feasible to use a modi-Hed continuous scheme for describing lubrication characteristics in TFL. 

Zhu, D. and Hu, Y. Z., A Computer Program Package for the Prediction of EHL and Mixed Lubrication Characteristics, Friction, Subsurface Stresses and Flash Temperatures Based on Measured 3-D Surface Roughness," Tribol. Trans., Vol. 44, No. 3,2001, pp. 383-390. 

Ball-on-Three-Disks (BOTD) This test method is utilized to measure the lubricity characteristics of distillate fuel. It involves rotating a ball against three disks lubricated by distillate fuel. After testing, the wear scar diameters on three disks are measured and averaged. Wear scar diameters of approximately 0.45 mm or less are presently considered acceptable. 

Microcrystalline cellulose is one of the most commonly used filler-binders in direct compression formulations because it provides good binding properties as a dry binder, excellent compactibility, and a high dilution potential. It also contributes good disintegration and lubrication characteristics to direct compression formulas. When compressed, microcrystalline cellulose undergoes plastic deformation. The acid hydrolysis portion of the production process introduces slip planes and dislocations into the material. Slip planes, dislocations, and the small size of the individual crystals aid in the plastic flow that takes place. The spray-dried particle itself, which has a higher porosity compared with the absolute porosity of cellulose, also deforms... 

Despite their high success in diffusion pumps, the silicone oils do not have the lubricity characteristics that are required for use within mechanical pumps. Some mechanical pump oils with a silicon base have been formulated, but they have not exhibited any improvements over other oils currently in use. 

R.L. Fusaro, H.E. Sliney, Lubricating characteristics of polyimide bonded graphite fluoride and polyimide thin films, ASLE Trans., 16 (1973) 189. 

Nishimura, M., Nosaka, M., Miyakawa, Y. and Sakamoto, J., The Lubrication Characteristics of Molybdenum Disulfide Films Made by Chemical Process. Part 1. Optimum Conversion Conditions for Obtaining MoSj Films, JJSLE Inti. Edn., 1, 119, (Nov. 1980). 

Ibid, Part 2. Effect of Surrounding Atmosphere on the Lubrication Characteristics of a Film, p. 121. 

Mabuchi K, Obara T, Ikegami K et al 1999 Molecular weight independence of the effect of additive hyaluronic acid on the lubricating characteristics in synovial joints with experimental deterioration. Clinical Biomechanics 14 352-356... 

Pellet quality and capacity vary with properties of the feed such as moisture, lubricating characteristics, particle size, and abrasiveness, as well as die characteristics and speed. A readily pelleted material will yield about 122 kg/kWh [200 lb/(hp h)] by using a die with 0.6-cm (V4-in) holes. Some characteristics of pellet mills are given in Table 21-33. 

It has been thought that asphaltenes contain some type of oxygen sulfur linkage but beyond this the structure has not been established. It is also postulated that sulfur compounds with thioaldehyde structures may function as additives and be responsible for certain desirable lubricating characteristics of some lube oils (<9). 

Li JL, Zhou F, Feng DP et al (2009) Synthesis and lubrication characteristics of aryloxycyclo-phosphazenes substituted with imidazolium. J Tribol 131 032101-5... 

Polyolefins are the main components used in prosthetic devices, hip joints and knee implants. They exhibit a high degree of biocompatibility (almost neutral), excellent chemical resistance and superior mechanical properties. The main advantage of polyolefins compared to metallic implants is the low friction coefficient and wear resistance due to their self-lubricating characteristics [13-17]. 

The fact that tuning the chemical nature alone of the soUd is unable to provide friction reduction beyond the submicrometer scale has led to the suggestion that one should try to get rid of the actual solid-liquid boundary by coating the surface with a bubble (a gas layer). Such a situation, where gas is trapped at the solid interface and partially replaces the solid-liquid contact, can be achieved in specific conditions (see Section 2.1) with the use of the so-called superhydrophobic surfaces. Such surfaces, which combine surface roughness and nonwettability to achieve unique static properties with water contact angles close to 180°, were indeed recently predicted [17] to exhibit also super-lubricating characteristics. 

Hexagonal BN powder exhibits the same characteristics of solid lubricants as seen in graphite and molybdenum disulfide. These include crystalline structure, low shear strength, adherence of the solid lubricant film, low abrasivity, and thermochemical stability [3]. In many instances, (h)BN exceeds the performance levels of these conventional solid lubricant characteristics, particularly adherence and thermochemical stability. Eigure 19.5 [39] is a typical scanning electron micrograph (SEM) of a commercial BN powder. 

External lubricants are deliberately chosen not to be very compatible with the polymer and do not significantly reduce the melt viscosity. They migrate to the surface, particularly at ambient temperatures, preventing adhesion of the polymer to mould surfaces and extruder barrels. This loss of adhesion is a problem when printing onto the product surface. External lubricants characteristically increase the mill stick time (the time to the point where sticking occurs) when a PVC formulation is processed on a two-roll mill. A few external lubricants, such as oxidised polyethylenes, allow the production of clear products, but the less compatible ones do not. 

The pressure is to be seen as a result of speed and temperature and thus not directly controllable. Even the product temperature can be influenced by two or more factors, the temperature of the barrel, the speed of the central spindle, and the physical properties of the materials, mainly the lubricant characteristics and thereby the inner friction. 

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