LSCM

CLSM Confocal laser scanning microscopy (see LSCM)... 

Laser-scanning Confocal Microscopy (LSCM) Study of Plant Secretory Cell... 

In this chapter the application of LSCM technique to study plant secretory cells, which participate in allelopathic relations, is described. 

Fig. 2 LSCM view of dry and moistened (15 min) fluorescent vegetative microspore of Equisetum arvense under three laser excitation. 1 - channel 488 nm 2 - channel 533 nm 3- channel 633 nm 4-summed image with mixed (in a superposition pseudocolours. 1 bar = 20 pm.

Scanning of the object along the Z-coordinate (see Fig. 1) with an interval of 1.0 pm, show slices of the microspore (Fig. 3). The slices can be collected by special computer programme for LSCM 510 and reconstruction of the separate fragment of the cell surface may be received (Fig. 4). 

The microspore was divided after 1-2 days moistening and one of two cells lost chloroplasts, forming rhizoid. Other cell formed multicellular protallium and then thallus in 4 -7 day. The images are well seen in LSCM. 

Experiment 6. The LSCM image of salt gland impregnated with phenolic compounds... 

Fig. 7 Microphotograph of the crystal compounds under three channels LSCM beams (see Procedure). Excitation by wavelengths 488, 543 nm and 633 nm. Chlorophyll or carotenoids are a sum of chlorophylls a and b or a sum of carotenoids from pea leaves purified on silicagel.

Fig. 9 The LSCM images of Equsetum arvense microspores stained with colchicine 10 7 M. The laser excitation wavelength 458 nm.

Fig. 10 The LSCM images of Hippeastrum hybridum pollen tube stained with colchicine 10" 7 M. The laser excitation wavelength 458 nm. 1. The bright emission is observed in nucleus of vegetative cell of pollen and in the spermium located in the tip of the tube 2. Spermium in the tip of pollen tube. The microtubules contained of tubulin are seen. 

Experiment 8. The observation of the secretory hairs and their secretion Cell-donor of allelochemicals releases the substances out. The process may be seen with the help of LSCM technique as the study of the fluorescence of various external secretory structures. Such structures are glandular cells, which contained many potentially fluorescent substances (Roshchina and Roshchina, 1993). One of the example is shown for secretory leaf hair of allelopathically active species Solidago virgaurea L. (Fig.ll). 

Procedure The fluorescence spectra of the ethanol and water solutions of the allelochemicals 10 5 -10"7 M were recorded with spectrofluorimeter Perkin -Elmer 550 in 1-cm cuvettes. The excitation wavelength was 360 nm. LSCM images were analysed as in section 9.4. 

Additionally, LSFMand LSCM powders were synthesized with same synthesis route and organic carrier materials. In synthesis of LSFM and LSCM powders, the stoichiometry used in LSGM synthesis was kept to investigate the effects of different cations (Fe3+ or Cr3+ in place of Ga3+). Iron and chromium were chosen to replace gallium such that the new materials can be evaluated as candidates for SOFC interconnect and cathode materials. 

Low temperature chemical synthesis of three different mixed oxides with four-cations, LSGM, LSCM, and LSFM was investigated to produce these mixed oxides as single phase, fine powders. 

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