Scanning Confocal Microscopy LSCM

Recently, new instruments have been developed, in combination of confocal microscope with atomic force microscope (AFM), enabling topographic and fluorescence spectral imaging simultaneously. The unique combination of these two microscopes not only offers the best resolution at x-axis, j/-axis (confocal), and z-axis (AFM), but also provides the ability to study the topographic distribution of certain chemical components, or proteins on the biological surface (see next section for more details). 

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Laser-scanning Confocal Microscopy (LSCM) Study of Plant Secretory Cell... 

Only a few laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM) studies have examined the passive permeation pathways of molecules across the skin. Cullander and Guy [36] showed that calcein, a multiply charged fluorophore, penetrates minimally into the SC of hairless mouse skin (HMS). Similar studies by Turner et al. [37a] have confirmed this observation. Indeed, it is the hydrophilic, charged nature of calcein that prevents its facile partitioning into the lipophilic intercellular spaces of the SC. Although some penetration of calcein into the SC intercellular domains, and into the pilary canal of the hair follicles, is observed, the total passive epidermal transport of calcein was negligible. 

In the early 1990s, laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM) was employed [36] to directly visualize the iontophoretic transport pathways of fluorescent... 

Fig.1 Schematic representing the optical pathway and image information flow of the laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM) technique. All principle components of generic LSCM are labeled (Redrawn in part frtnn Carl Zeiss The Confocal Laser Scanning Microscope)...

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