Plastics low density polyethylene

Linear low-density polyethylene plastics (LLDPE) those linear polyethylene plastics, having a standard density of 0.919-0.925 g/cm. ... 

Linear medium-density polyethylene plastics LLDPE Low-density polyethylene plastics LDPE... 

Senna, M. M., Hossam, E M., El-naggar, A. W. M., Compatibilization of low-density polyethylene/plasticized starch blends by reactive compounds and electron beam irradiation. Polymer Composites 2008,29(10), 1137-1144. 

Mar Marshall, G. P., Culver, L. E., Williams, J. G. Environmental stress crack growth in low-density polyethylenes. Plastics Polymers 38 (1970) 95-101. 

PE-LD PE-LD Low-density polyethylene Plastic bags, films for packaging, kitchenware, frozen food bags, squeezable bottles, e.g. honey, mustard cling films flexible container lids, plastic wraps... 

Ethylene finds use in the manufacture of ethyl benzene, ethanol, ethylene oxide, ethylene glycol, and ethylene dichloride. About half of the ethylene produced in the United States is used for the production of high- and low-density polyethylene plastics. Other chemical raw materials made with ethylene include ethyl chloride, dichloroethane, vinyl chloride, ethyl ether, methyl acrylate, and styrene. 

LDPE, Low density polyethylene Plastic bags and stretch film... 

HDPE, high density polyethylene PP, polypropylene EVA, ethylene—vinyl alcohol SMC, sheet-molding compound ERP, fiber-reinforced plastic LDPE, low density polyethylene PE, polyethylene BMC, bulk mol ding compound TPE, thermoplastic elastomer. 

Plastic materials represent less than 10% by weight of all packagiag materials. They have a value of over 7 biUion including composite flexible packagiag about half is for film and half for botties, jars, cups, tubs, and trays. The principal materials used are high density polyethylene (HDPE) for botties, low density polyethylene for film, polypropylene (PP) for film, and polyester for both botties and films. Plastic resias are manufactured by petrochemical companies, eg. Union Carbide and Mobil Chemical for low density polyethylene (LDPE), Solvay for high density polyethylene, Himont for polypropylene, and Shell and Eastman for polyester. 

Polybutenes enjoy extensive use as adhesives, caulks, sealants, and glaring compounds. They are used as plasticizers in mbber formulations with butyl mbber, SBR, and natural mbber. In linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE) blends they induce cling to stretch-wrap films. Polybutenes when modified at their unsaturated end groups with polar fiinctionahty are widely employed in lubricants as dispersants. Blends of polybutene with polyolefins produce semisoHd gels that can be used as potting and electrical cable filling materials. 

Fig. 11. Effect of polyolefin primers on bond strength of ethyl cyanoacrylate to plastics. All assemblies tested in accordance with ASTM D 4501 (block shear method). ETFE = ethylene tetrafluoroethylene copolymer LDPE = low-density polyethylene PFA = polyper-fluoroalkoxycthylene PBT = polybutylene terephthalate, PMP = polymethylpentene PPS = polyphenylene sulfide PP = polypropylene PS = polystyrene PTFE = polytetrafluoroethylene PU = polyurethane. From ref. [73].

Resins and plastics such as low-density polyethylene (LDPE), high-density polyethylene (HOPE), linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE), polypropylene, polystyrene, and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) ... 

Low density polyethylene (LDPE). This is one of the most widely used plastics. It is characterised by a density in the range 918-935 kg/m and is very tough and flexible. Its major application is in packaging him although its outstanding dielectric properties means it is also widely used as an electrical insulator. Other applications include domestic ware, tubing, squeeze bottles and cold water tanks. 

The two forms of polyethylene differ slightly in density. Linear polyethylene is referred to in the recycling business as /ligh-density polyethylene, represented by the symbol HDPE 2 on the bottom of a plastic bottle. The corresponding symbol for branched polyethylene is LDPE 4, indicating low-density polyethylene. (The smaller the number, the easier it is to recycle.)... 

When water (a Newtonian liquid) is in an open-ended pipe, pressure can be applied to move it. Doubling the water pressure doubles the flow rate of the water. Water does not have a shear-thinning action. However, in a similar situation but using a plastic melt (a non-Newtonian liquid), if the pressure is doubled the melt flow may increase from 2 to 15 times, depending on the plastic used. As an example, linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE), with a low shear-thinning action, experiences a low rate increase, which explains why it can cause more processing problems than other PEs. The higher-flow melts include polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and polystyrene (PS). 

Low-density polyethylene (polythene) is a relatively cheap, tough, flexible plastic. It has a low softening point and is not suitable for use above about 60°C. The higher density polymer (950 kg/m3) is stiffer, and can be used at higher temperatures. Polypropylene is a stronger material than the polyethylenes and can be used at temperatures up to 120°C. The chemical resistance of the polyolefines is similar to that of PVC. 

The plastic bottle and dispensing tip is made of low-density polyethylene (LDPE) resin, which provides the necessary flexibility and inertness. Because these components are in contact with the product during its shelf life, they must be carefully chosen and tested for their suitability for ophthalmic use. In addition to stability studies on the product in the container over a range of normal and accelerated temperatures, the plastic resins must pass the USP biological and chemical tests for... 

Compositional uniformity, of linear low density polyethylene, 20 204 Composition analysis, for plastics, 79 563—569... 

In this chapter we will discuss a few topics in the area of alkene polymerisations catalysed by homogeneous complexes of early and late transition metals (ETM, LTM). One of the main research themes for the ETM catalysts has been the polymerisation of propene, while industries have also paid a lot of attention to metallocenes giving LLDPE (linear low-density polyethylene, for thinner plastic bags). In less than a decade a completely new family of catalysts has been developed which enables one to synthesise regioselective and stereoselective polymers of a wide variety of monomers. These new catalysts are starting to find application on industrial scale, but as yet only reports on commercialisation of (branched) polyethylene and polystyrene have appeared. 

The lions share, 80-90%, of the alpha olefins produced in. the United States are used In five areas as comonomers in LLDPE (linear low density polyethylene) and HDPE (high density polyethylene), plasticizer alcohols, polyalpha olefins for use in synthetic lubricants, detergent alcohols, and surfactants. The comonomer demand started out exclusively as butene-1, but it is shifting toward hexene-1 and octene-1. Similarly, the specification... 

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