Low-cholesterol diets

The Alzheimer s Association recommends staying physically, mentally, and socially active, adopting a low-fat/low-cholesterol diet rich in dark vegetables and fruit, and managing body weight. 

CN172 Ferre, N., J. Camps, A. Paul, et al. Effects of high-fat, low-cholesterol diets on hepatic lipid peroxidation and antioxidants in apolipoprotein E-defi-cient mice. Mol Cell Biochem 2001 218(1-2) 165-169. 

The answer is a. (Hardman, pp 875-898.) In type I hyperlipoproteinemia, drugs that reduce levels of lipoproteins are not useful, but reduction of dietary sources of fat may help. Cholesterol levels are usually normal, but triglycerides are elevated. Maintenance of ideal body weight is recommended in all types of hyperlipidemia. Clofibrate effectively reduces the levels of VLDLs that are characteristic of types 111, IV, and V hyperlipoproteinemia administration of cholestyramine resin and lovastatin in conjunction with a low-cholesterol diet is regarded as effective therapy for type 11a, or primary, hyperbetalipoproteinemia, except in the homozygous familial form. 

Regulation of Cholesterol Biosynthesis Cholesterol in humans can be obtained from the diet or synthesized de novo. An adult human on a low-cholesterol diet typically synthesizes 600 mg of cholesterol per day in the liver. If the amount of cholesterol in the diet is large, de novo synthesis of cholesterol is drastically reduced. How is this regulation brought about ... 

Erlinger TP, Miller ER, 3rd, Charleston J, Appel LJ. Inflammation modifies the effects of a reduced-fat low-cholesterol diet on lipids Results from the DASH-sodium trial. Circulation 2003 108 150-154. 

A feedback mechanism operates in which intracellular free cholesterol inhibits HMG-CoA reductase. When the diet is rich in cholesterol, intracellular cholesterol increases in the liver and the biosynthesis of cholesterol is suppressed. Conversely, a low-cholesterol diet, but one with adequate triglyceride, stimulates cholesterol biosynthesis. 

Japanese quad exhibit greater plasma total cholesterol concentrations than rat counterparts when fed a similar, basal low-cholesterol diet (Table 1). Species differences in plasma lipids are more pronounced when fed an atherogenic diet (e.g., cholesterol/cholic acid supplemented and saturated fat-contaming diet), as evidenced by the marked elevations observed in quad plasma total cholesterol concentrations... 

Acute pancreatitis Nephrotic syndrome Neonates/young infants Low cholesterol diet... 

Heart disease is a major health concern in the United States. As a result, many people are on low-cholesterol diets. What types of foods should people choose to lower their cholesterol level ... 

Small amounts of cholesterol may be transported as part of chylomicrons, but cholesterol is usually carried within lipoproteins, including low density lipoprotein (LDL), which carries cholesterol from the liver to muscle and other tissues, and high density lipoprotein (HDL), which carries cholesterol to the liver for conversion to bile acids. Physicians are especially concerned when patients have high levels of LDL (the so-called bad cholesterol) in blood moderate exercise and low-cholesterol diets help to increase HDL (the so-called good cholesterol). Either high fat intake or... 

I need to eat a low-fat, low-cholesterol diet even when taking the medication. ... 

Colquhoun, D.M., Food for prevention of coronary heart disease Beyond the low fat, low cholesterol diet, Asia Pac. J. Clin. Nutr., 9 (Suppl.l), 86S-90S, 2000. 

In 2004, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) cleared the qualified health claim, Supportive but not conclusive research shows that eating 1.5 ounces per day of walnuts, as part of a low saturated fat and low cholesterol diet and not resulting in increased caloric intake, may reduce the risk of coronary heart disease [36]. Several recent studies have suggested a beneficial relationship between walnuts and CHD. In this section, selected studies on the health effects of walnuts are presented. 

Cholesterol and fat-soluble vitamins require bile acid induced micellar solubilization for absorption, which takes place in the upper small intestine (c/. 32,116-118). Accordingly, in bile salt deficiency states, cholesterol absorption should be markedly impaired and fecal neutral sterol excretion increased. The fact that fecal neutral steroid excretion on a low-cholesterol diet is actually normal, as after ileal resection, ileal bypass, and cholestyramine treatment, or even decreased, as in cirrhosis of the liver or biliary occlusion (11), is due to a markedly reduced biliary secretion of cholesterol. In gluten enteropathy, in which no excessive bile salt loss usually exists, fecal neutral sterol excretion is markedly augmented (119). However, in occasional cases in which fecal bile salt elimination is markedly enhanced, the fecal neutral steroid excretion is quite normal, probably owing to decreased biliary cholesterol secretion as a consequence of low biliary bile salt secretion. Detailed information on the role of bile salts in both intraluminal and mucosal phases of fat and sterol absorption is presented in many recent reviews (6,10,113,114,117). 

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