Longitudinal and transverse

In the special case when a = 0 these measurements can be named as longitudinal, transversally longitudinal, and transverse measurement, respectively. These potentials can be reconstructed directly using the inverse Radon transform (5). 

Intersections of butts and seams of fabrication and section welds Throughout hull envelope, longitudinal and transverse bulkheads, inner bottom and hopper bottom The summation of checkpoint lengths (see note 2) examined at intersections is to be L where L is the overall length of the ship in metres... 

The quantity on the right-hand side of this equation is not completely specified since the decomposition of Wf (Rj,) into its longitudinal and transverse parts given by Eq. (24) is not unique. By using that decomposition and the property of... 

SCC has been defined as failure by cracking under the combined action of corrosion and stress (Fig. 9.1). The stress and corrosion components interact S3mergistically to produce cracks, which initiate on the surface exposed to the corrodent and propagate in response to the stress state. They may run in any direction but are always perpendicular to the principal stress. Longitudinal or transverse crack orientations in tubes are common (Figs. 9.2 and 9.3). Occasionally, both longitudinal and transverse cracks are present on the same tube (Fig. 9.4). Less frequently, SCC is a secondary result of another primary corrosion mode. In such cases, the cracking, rather than the primary corrosion, may be the actual cause of failure (Fig. 9.5). 

Figure 9.4 Both longitudinal and transverse stress-corrosion cracks on a brass heat exchanger tube that had been exposed to ammonia. Note the branching of the cracks.

Thus, by using two VISARs, and by monitoring two beams at 6, both the longitudinal velocity and the shear-wave velocity can be determined simultaneously by solving the above two equations. With a lens delay leg VISAR (Amery, 1976), a precision in determining F(t) to 2% can be achieved. The longitudinal and transverse particle velocity profiles obtained in a study of aluminum are indicated in Fig. 3.12. 

The most remarkable feature of expression (4.8) is that it does not contain any cross terms 8x 8s. This is a consequence of time-shift invariance of the instanton solution (d s/dt = dVjds, x = 0). This fact can be expressed as invariance of the action with respect to the infinitesimal transformation s s -I- cs, c 0 [cf. eq. (3.42)]. In the new coordinates the determinants break up into longitudinal and transverse parts and (4.4) becomes... 

Fig. 3.7 shows how the longitudinal and transverse moduli vary with volume fraction for a unidirectional fibre composite. 

Fig. 3.7 Variation of longitudinal and transverse modulus in unidirectional composites...

El and E2 refer to the longitudinal and transverse moduli for aligned fibre composites of the type shown in (Fig. 3.29). These values can be determined experimentally or using specifically formulated empirical equations. However, if the fibres are relatively long then equation (3.5) and (3.13) may be used. These give results which are sufficiently accurate for most practical purposes. 

FIG. 25 (a) Variation of the mean-square gyration radius Rg with the intensity of the field (bias) and with host matrix density Cob- (b) The same for the ratio of its longitudinal and transversal components (c) The ratio between the end-to-... 

The polymers studied and the experimental procedure were described in the last section. The samples were made of the same PC-TLCP composite and the pure TLCP Vectra A950, respectively. To study the influence of sample forms and geometries on mechanical constants, plate samples (80 x 80 x 2 mm-) were also injection molded with a film gate. Tensile samples were then cut from the plate in the longitudinal (//) and transverse... 

AF Cr at 118/f, manifests itself in the fact that the longitudinal polarization of the SDW changes to the transversal one. From the standpoint of electronic structure, the nature of such SF transition in chromium is still unclear. Moreover, this transition is unlikely to be explained within the framework of non relativistic treatment, the nonrelativistic electron spectrum being identical for the longitudinal and transversal SDW. 

Check slip areas for longitudinal and transverse cracks and sharp notches. Check tool Joints for wear, galls, nicks, washes, fins, fatigue cracks at root of threads, or other items that would affect the pressure holding capacity or stability of the Joint. 

There is no reason to believe that the off-diagonal Q integrals which yield this increase in U over I should be equal for longitudinal and transverse polarization but neither is there at present any basis for selecting different values. Hence we assume U1 = U2 and by use of the a values given above for the chlorine atom, the value of —El is calculated to be about 30 per cent smaller than was obtained in Table VI. Since the effect of anisotropy would be expected to be about the same for all of the halogens, the qualitative conclusions drawn from the results in Table VI are not affected. It is clear that anisotropy may be important, however, and must be considered in quantitative work. 

Apart from the conditions of load transmission from fiber to matrix, the anisotropy of mechanical characteristics is also due to the considerable anisotropy of the fibers themselves in the longitudinal and transverse directions, especially in the case of fibrous reinforcements of polymeric nature [154]. 

By decomposing 8 into its longitudinal and transverse part, and noting that... 

Nuclear spins can be considered as dipoles that interact with each other via dipolar couplings. While this interaction leads to strongly broadened lines in soUd-state NMR spectroscopy, it is averaged out in isotropic solution due to the fast tumbUng of the solute molecules. In Uquid-state NMR spectroscopy, the dipolar interaction can only be observed indirectly by relaxation processes, where they represent the main source of longitudinal and transverse relaxation. 

The homogenization was also found [200] to be incredibly fast for both longitudinal and transverse overall elastic moduli of the transversely-random [201] unidirectional composite of parallel fibers. It was almost impossible to distinguish [200] the overall ensemble-average moduli calculated with 9 and 289 fibers in a disordered unit cell. 

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