Long-term effects pulmonary injury

The exact mechanisms of MIC toxicity are not known, however, carbamylation of globin and other blood proteins have been speculated to contribute to MIC-induced toxicity. Acute exposure via inhalation of MIC vapors is known to cause irritation to the respiratory tract causing severe pulmonary edema and injury that can lead to death. It is also corrosive to the eyes causing severe corneal damage. Survivors of acute exposures may exhibit long-term respiratory and ocular effects. Direct skin contact of MIC in the liquid or gaseous form causes irritation of the skin. 

Focal haemorrhage and pulmonary oedema are typical of the acute toxic effects, but there does not appear to be extensive permanent damage from non-fatal doses. However, residual focal emphysema and interstitial fibrosis remaining after the initial lesions have cleared are possible long term results of the injury [1794,2235]. 

Lewisite (also known as Agent L), is no longer considered a state-of-the-art CW agent. Lewisite is a significant threat to unprotected personnel and causes prompt incapacitation from eye injuries and respiratory irritation, coupled with long-term incapacitation from skin bums, pulmonary injury, and systemic illness. Its decomposition products are toxic, making decontamination difficult. Munitions containing lewisite may contain toxic stabilizers. Lewisite is effective as vapor, aerosol, or liquid (Sidell et al., 1997). 

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