Localization in cells

The discovery of the peripheral CB2 receptor, which localizes in cells of the immune system, is very likely linked to the well-known immunosuppression of marijuana smokers. 

CCK peptides such as CCK-8S fulfill criteria for a neurotransmitter in the CNS. CCK-8S is localized in cell bodies and in nerve endings of CNS neurons, with a higher concentration in nerve terminal (Emson et al. 1980 ... 

SOURCE Stubbs, C.D., S.W. Botchway, S.J. Slater, and A.W. Parker. 2005. The use of time-resolved fluorescence imaging in the study of protein kinase C localization in cells. BMC Cell Biol. 6 22. Copyright 2005 Stubbs et al licensee BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. 

P-gp is constitutively expressed in nearly all barrier tissues. Techniques involving Northern blots (37) or Western blots with monoclonal antibodies such as C219 (38) and MRK 16 (39) have been used extensively to determine the tissue distribution of P-gp. It is expressed in adrenal cortex, kidney, liver, intestine, and pancreas endothelial cells at blood-tissue barriers, namely, the CNS, the testis, and in the papillary dermis (3,4,38,40,41). P-gp displays specific subcellular localization in cells with a polarized excretion or absorption function. More specifically, P-gp is found at the apical (AP) canalicular surface of hepatocytes, in the AP membrane of the columnar epithelial cells of colon and jejunum, and the AP brush border of the renal proximal tubule epithelium (3,4,40 1-2). In endothelial cells, P-gp is located in the luminal membrane (4,43). 

In the initial study, activities catalysing the synthesis and breakdown of Fru-2,6-P2 were identified and localized in cells isolated from corn leaves. Fru-6-P,2K and Fru-... 

In contrast to most lipoxygenases, which require free PUFAs as substrates, radicals are able to attack any compound possessing a -CH=CH-CH2-CH=CH-group, including PUFAs esterified to sterols or phospholipids [236]. The latter are localized in cell walls and consequently radicals are able to damage adjacent cells. 

PIP3 production following addition of uniform chemoattractant or spatial localization in cells under a variety of conditions is detected by one of the PIPj-specific PH domain fused with a fluorescent protein (6, 7). 

Fig. 1 NLS-GFP export and reimport. (A) NLS-GFP fluorescence in normal cells grown to early log phase. The cell marked with a c would be scored as cytoplasmic. (B) NLS-GFP localization in cells treated with sodium azide and 2-deoxy-o-glucose for 30 min at 30°C (as described in Section III,B). (C) Reimport, IS min after returning ceils to physiological medium (as described in Section III.C). (Reproduced from The Journal of Cell Biology, 19%, vol. 135, pp. 329-339 by copyright permission of The Rockefeller University Press.)...

Fatty acylation targets a wide range of cellular proteins which encompass kinases, GTPases, heterotrimeric G proteins, cytokines, and phosphatases (1-3). The role of fatty acylation is to regulate these proteins physicochemical properties and spatial localization in cells. In doing so, fatty acylation controls the activation and deactivation of signaling pathways. Fatty acylation involves the enzyme-catalyzed addition of 14-carbon (myristoylation) or 16-carbon (palmitoylation) fatty acid chains to cellular proteins via amide- or thioester bonds, respectively. 

Intracellular localization of vitamins was attempted in a number of cases soon after a particular vitamin was isolated and its chemical identity established. Only a few vitamins have been localized in cells by histochem-ical procedures, but differential centrifugation of tissue homogenates has given information on the distribution of various vitamins in different cell constituents. 

Paysan, J. Antz, C. Method for studying interactions of cellular molecules and their localization in cells using fluorescent-labeled fusion proteins. Eur. Pat. Appl. EP 969284,2000. 

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