Local governments, development

Implementation of indirect regulatory mandates has been more common than direct mandates, primarily in the form of trip reduction ordinances implemented by local governments. These ordinances require employers to increase the average vehicle occupancy of employee vehicles during commute periods, but usually allow employers great flexibility in developing their strategies. 

The national templates have been accepted by the major SDOs and CDOs in the United States, the FreedomCAR and Fuel Partnership, key industry associations, and many state and local governments as the guideposts for the coordinated development of standards and model codes. All of the relevant major SDOs and CDOs in the United States are part of this national effort the ANSI, ASME, American Society of Testing and Materials (ASTM),... 

Note that the information developed for these regulations is to be protected from public disclosure but may be shared, at the secretary s discretion, with state and local government officials, including law enforcement officials and first responders possessing the necessary security clearances. Such shared information may not be... 

Development potential Ownership structure Labor relations Local government support Environmental regulations 1 Environment, health and safety risks... 

Federal, state, and local governments are demanding more and more information from manufacturers not only the size, composition, and properties of waste streams that are generated, but also what chemicals are added to the process to manufacture the final product, and descriptive information on how these chemicals are used within the process. The third major driver for pollution prevention, then, becomes control of the business. When a business does not make any waste or is below a de minimus level, then only a minimum amount of information is required by the governing bodies hence, business information is conserved. Thermodynamic principles govern that zero waste is not possible, and the technical challenge is develop manufacturing processes that produce minimum waste. 

Canada has a system that is intermediate between the EU regulatory system (which is intended to be, at least ultimately, based on directives and/or regulations from the EC) and the U.S. system (where codes and standards are both developed by private companies and can be adopted, or not, by the various state and local governments). The National Building Code (NBC) of Canada can be different from provincial building codes, and standards are issued by private companies. 

The U. S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) and other federal, state, and local government agencies in the United States may require chemical analyses to determine compliance with air quality, water quality, liquid waste discharge, solid waste disposal, and other environmental regulations. The analytical methods specified for these purposes may be methods in development, methods published by standard-setting organizations, or... 

Criteria documents are developed primarily for the U.S. Department of Labor, but they are also distributed to health professionals, industry, organized labor, public interest groups, and federal state, and local government agencies. More than 140 NIOSH criteria documents are available on the Internet at . Individual documents or the entire set on CD-ROM can be obtained from NTIS. 

Community factors. The character and facilities of a community can have quite an effect on the location of the plant. If a certain minimum number of facilities for satisfactory living of plant personnel do not exist, it often becomes a burden for the plant to subsidize such facilities. Cultural facilities of the community are important to sound growth. Churches, libraries, schools, civic theaters, concert associations, and other similar groups, if active and dynamic, do much to make a community progressive. The problem of recreation deserves special consideration. The efficiency, character, and history of both state and local government should be evaluated. The existence of low taxes is not in itself a favorable situation unless the community is already well developed and relatively free of debt. 

Federal, State, and Local Governments. Government bodies develop and use standards for many purposes, principally for procurement and regulation. For example, the Environmental Protection Agency sets standards for protection of the environment, the Department of Defense sets standards for procurement in those areas for which voluntary consensus standards do not apply, and the Office of Federal Supply and Services provides specifications for procurement of a host of products from erasers to office furniture. The Congressional Joint Committee on... 

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