Loading line

Eigure 11 shows a schematic and collector characteristics for a common emitter n—p—n transistor circuit. The load line crossing these characteristics shows the allowed operation of the transistor with a supply voltage, = 12 V a load resistor, 7 = 2 and a bias resistor, 7 g = 20 kQ. The load line corresponds to the equation = 7 7 -H. Plotting the load line on the collector characteristics defines BJT behavior 0.6 V is required... 

Consider the speed-load (drooping) characteristics of the two machines as shown in Figure 16.20. For ease of illustration, the slopes have been exaggerated. Normally they are within 4% of the rated speed, as discussed earlier. When both machines are loaded equally, the total load may be defined by the load line AA, at the bus frequency,/ When the power input to PMf is increased, so that the drooping curve AO shifts to curve BO, it shifts the load line AA also to BB, so that the total load shared by the two machines will still remain the same. The load shared by G is now more than before at so that , > /, and by Gt less than before at P, so that P < Pi The generators now operate at a higher system frequency, /i,. If the... 

Note Similarly, load lines can be drawn on a load rejection, or the generator or the line outages. 

Floor loading capacity (point load, uniformly distributed load, line load)... 

AS of this writing, 100% inspection by NAA of small arms primers in an actual production loading plant has not been implemented, nor is it contemplated in the near future. Technical problems exist related to coupling the present state-of-the-art nuclear components with the high production rates for the primers, namely, tens of units per sec per automatic loading line. The high intensity of the neutron source and the complexity of the detection system required detracts from the utility of the method in a plant environment where simplicity and safety of operation are of paramount importance. Nevertheless, the technical feasibility of the method has been demonstrated by the AMMRC study and future developments in nuclear activation hardware may ultimately make this non-destructive inspection for production primers more viable... 

An example of measured a-Si H TFT driver characteristics and calculated load lines with (Far + Fpled) and without voltage drop across the active resistor is shown in Figure 9.9a [26], The crossing point between IV) l ns and load lines represents output current (/out) of the pixel... 

FIGURE 9.9 (a) The load lines of 3-a-Si H TFT pixel circuit for FDD = 20 V. The open symbol and solid line represent the load line with (FAr + FPLED) and without (FPLED) active resistor. (From Kim, J.-H. and Kanicki, J., SID Tech. Dig., 34, 18, 2003. With permission.) (b) Measured (symbol lines) and simulated (solid lines) pixel electrode output current versus input data voltage characteristics (Fiaia E gs I Foi.ko)- (From Kim, J.-H. and Kanicki, J., SID Tech. Dig., 34, 18, 2003. With permission.)... 

To analyze 100 dpi AM-PLED pixel operation load lines for T4 and pixel PLED were produced during deselect time. Figure 9.12a shows the measured /DS T3 versus FDS T3 characteristics for several FGS t3 and T4/pixel PLED load lines for several FDD (20, 25, 30 V). To produce the load Tines, the /pixei pled versus Fpixei pled characteristics were used in combination with the /ds T4 versus Fds T4 characteristics. For a given /data,... 

Ammon it 43C exploded in 19 44 on a loading line and its manufacture was dis continued. It was reported that mixtures of TNT with guanidine nitrate were unstable... 

Materials such as neoprene and graphite loaded linings require even lower voltage ranges 7,500 volts for 1/8" and 3/16", and... 

Furnace tubes, process piping, and heat exchangers may also have to be protected by relief valves. Incidentally, the small %- or 1-in relief valves you see on many tank field loading lines and on heat exchangers are not process relief valves. They are there for thermal-expansion protection only. This means that if you block in a liquid-filled exchanger and the liquid is heated, the liquid must expand or the exchanger will fail. That is what the thermal relief valve is there to prevent. 

Figure 10.19 Normalized reed impedanceGf(pA) — t am(PA) overlaid with the bore load line p+ - pA = Rbub.

One of the immediate applications of this model is to simulate advection and dispersion of contaminants in soil columns with low permeability and strong retention mechanisms. In these cases, the contaminant would not be expected to travel to the lowest layers of the soil profile very soon. In this chapter, results from two common contaminant-input conceptualizations were simulated. The first scenario consisted of a localized contaminant load (point source) located at the center of the topsoil column layer (point-source contaminant inputs may simulate localized leakages of chemicals on the surface of the earth). The second simulation consists of a linearly distributed contaminant load (line source) over the top surface of a soil column. Line sources are commonly used in groundwater contamination problems (e.g., see Mulligan and Ahlfeld, 2001). Additionally, a two-point source simulation is included for purposes of comparison. 

Two extensometers, one attached to the test jig of the loading device for measuring the crack opening along the load line and another attached to the top and bottom sides of the specimen at the end of the initial crack, were used. The displacement of the actuator of the testing machine was also recorded. 

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