Liver nonparenchymal cells

Soto-Gutierrez A. 2007. Differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells to hepatocyte-like cells by co-culture with human liver nonparenchymal cell lines. Nat. Protoc. 2, 347-356. 

V2. Van Berkel, T. J. C., Kruijt, J. K., Van Gent, T., and Van Tol, A., Saturable high affinity binding of low density and high density lipoprotein by parenchymal and nonparenchymal cells from rat liver. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 92, 1002-1008 (1980). 

Approximately 30% of liver cells are nonparenchymal cells. Cell types located in the interlobular portal tracts include bile duct epithelial cells and connective tissue fibroblasts. Those located within the lobule interior are the rare fixed, natural killer lymphocytes (pit cells) and the more abundant endothelial cells lining the sinusoids, Kupffer cells, and stellate cells (also known as fat-storing or Ito cells). The recent... 

Deleve, L. D. 1998. Glutathione defense in nonparenchymal cells. Seminars in liver Disease 18 403-413. 

Tanaka T, Fujishima Y, Hanano S, et al. (2004). Intracellular disposition of polysaccharides in rat liver parenchymal and nonparenchymal cells. Int. I. Pharm. 286 9-17. 

FIG. 6. Compartmental model proposed by Green et al. (1993) for liver and whole-body vitamin A metabolism. Compartment 11 is plasma retinol. PC, parenchymal cells NPC, nonparenchymal cells (assumed here to be perisinusoidal stellate cells) ROH, retinol RE, retinyl esters CM, chylomicrons. 

A number of investigators have explored the potential roles of the nonparenchymal cells in the storage and metabolism of vitamin A in the liver. It has been shown convincingly that the Kupffer cells do not play an important role in the storage of vitamin A in the liver under normal conditions. Thus, when Kupffer cells were isolated from livers of rats on normal or on excess vitamin A-containing diets, the content of vitamin A in the Kupffer cells was found to be substantially less than that in hepatocytes (expressed on a per cell or per milligram DNA basis) (Linder et al., 1971 Hori and Kutamura, 1972 Peterson et aL, 1973). 

Kumar, O., Sugendran, K., Vijayaraghavan, R., 2003. Oxidative stress associated hepatic and renal toxicity induced by ridn in mice. Toxicon 41, 333-338. Laskin, D.L., 1990. Nonparenchymal cells and hepatotoxicity. Semin. Liver Dis. 10, 293-304. 

P. Knolle, H. Lohr, U. Treichel, H. P. Dienes, A. Lohse, J. Schlaack, and G. Gerken, Parenchymal and nonparenchymal liver cells and their interaction in the local immune response, Z. Gastroenterol. 33 613-620 (1995). 

In contrast to the relatively uniform evidence that benzo[a]pyrene is a genotoxin in whole animals, the test material failed to induce unscheduled DNA synthesis (UDS) in the parenchymal liver cells of Brown Norway rats exposed by oral gavage to 12.5 mg/mL (Mullaart et al. 1989). There was, however, a clear increase in single-strand DNA breaks in cells from the two major centers of metabolism (the parenchymal liver and intestinal cells) of the treated animals that was not apparent in the nonparenchymal liver cells. 

Different cell types exhibit different sensitivities to ricin in vitro. For example, the concentration of ricin in tissue culture medium that leads to an approximately 50% inhibition of protein synthesis is 13-22 pM for human lymphoma (Daudi cells), AKR/A, lipopolysaccharide blasts, or mice spleen cells, but it is 0.4 pM for nonparenchymal rat liver cells (Fulton et al., 1986). Ricin causes cytotoxicity in cultured human HeLa cells at concentrations as low as 15 pM (Eiklid et al., 1980 Rao et al., 2005), with an approximately 50% loss of viable cells occurring after a 12 h exposure to... 

Gascon-Barre, M., Demers, C., Mirshahi, A., Neron, S., Zalzal, S., and Nanci, A. (2003) The normal liver harbors the vitamin D nuclear receptor in nonparenchymal and biliary epithelial cells. Hepatology 37, 1034-1042. 

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